Chapter: Zakah on Crops and Fruits
The basis for this is the Book (Quran), the Sunnah, and the consensus (25). As for the Book, it is the saying of Allah the Almighty: "O you who have believed, spend from the good things which you have earned and from that which We have produced for you from the earth" (26), and Zakah is termed 'spending' (nafaqah), as evidenced by His saying: "And those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend them in the way of Allah" (27). Allah the Almighty also said: "And pay its due on the day of its harvest" (28). Ibn Abbas said: "Its due is the obligatory Zakah." He also said on another occasion: "It is the tithe (ushr) and half the tithe." From the Sunnah is the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "There is no Sadaqah on what is less than five wasqs." This is agreed upon (29). From Ibn Umar, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: "On what is watered by rain and springs, or was 'athari (30), is the tithe, and on what is watered by drawing water (by a beast), is half the tithe." This was recorded by Al-Bukhari, Abu Dawud, and Al-Tirmidhi (31). From Jabir, that he heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saying: "On what is watered by rivers and rain is the tithe, and on what is watered by a saaniyah (32) is half the tithe." This was recorded by Muslim and Abu Dawud (33). The scholars have reached a consensus that Sadaqah is obligatory on wheat, barley, dates, and raisins. This was stated by Ibn al-Mundhir and Ibn Abd al-Barr.
(25) Omitted from A and M. (26) Surah Al-Baqarah 267. (27) Surah Al-Tawbah 34. (28) Surah Al-An'am 141. (29) Its authentication was previously mentioned on page 12. (30) 'Athari: That which is watered by rain. Al-Jawhari said: 'Athari refers to crops that are watered only by rainwater. (31) Its authentication was previously mentioned on page 141. (32) In A and M: "by the saqiyah (water-wheel)". The saaniyah is the camel upon which one works the water-drawing mechanism, meaning it draws water from the well. (33) See the previous authentication.
بابُ زكاةِ الزُّرُوعَ والثِّمارِ
والأصْلُ فيها الكتابُ، والسُّنَّةُ، والإجْماعُ (٢٥)؛ أمَّا الكتابُ فقولُ اللَّه تعالى: {يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ} (٢٦) والزكاةُ تُسَمَّى نَفَقَةً، بِدَلِيلِ قَوْلِه تعالى: {وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ} (٢٧). وقال اللهُ تعالى: {وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ} (٢٨). قال ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: حَقُّهُ: الزَّكَاةُ المَفْرُوضَةُ. وقال مَرَّةً: العُشْرُ، ونِصْفُ العُشْرِ. ومن السُّنَّةِ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "لَيْسَ فيما دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أوسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٢٩). وعن ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قال: "فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ والعُيُونُ وَكَانَ عَثَريًّا (٣٠) العُشْرُ، وفِيمَا سُقِيَ بالنَّضْحِ نِصْفُ العُشْرِ". أخْرَجَهُ البُخَارِيُّ، وأبو دَاوُدَ، والتِّرْمِذِيُّ (٣١). وعن جَابِرٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- يقول: "فِيمَا سَقَتِ الأنْهَارُ والغَيْمُ العُشْرُ، وفِيمَا سُقِيَ بالسَّانيَةِ (٣٢) نِصْفُ العُشْرِ". أخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، وأبو دَاوُدَ (٣٣). وأجْمَعَ أهْلُ العِلْمِ على أنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ وَاجِبَةٌ في الحِنْطَةِ، والشَّعِيرِ، والتَّمْرِ، والزَّبِيبِ. قالَه ابْنُ المُنْذِرِ، وابْنُ عبدِ البَرِّ.
(٢٥) سقط من: أ، م.(٢٦) سورة البقرة ٢٦٧.(٢٧) سورة التوبة ٣٤.(٢٨) سورة الأنعام ١٤١.(٢٩) تقدم تخريجه، في صفحة ١٢.(٣٠) العثرى: ما سقته السماء. وقال الجوهرى: العثرى الزرع لا يسقيه إلا ماء المطر.(٣١) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ١٤١.(٣٢) في أ، م: "بالساقية". والسانية: البعير يسنى عليه، أي يستقى من البئر.(٣٣) انظر التخريج السابق.
