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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 4 · Page 15Section

Translation · EN

Section: If he gives a camel in place of the sheep, it does not suffice, regardless of whether its value is greater than the value of the sheep or not. This is narrated from Malik and Dawud. Al-Shafi'i and the scholars of opinion (ashab al-ra'y) said: A camel suffices for twenty [sheep] or less. It is derived in our school that something similar applies if the item given suffices for twenty-five, because it suffices for twenty-five, and twenty is included therein. Also, because what suffices for a larger amount suffices for a smaller amount, like two bint labun (a female camel at least two years old) for less than seventy-six. Our position is that he has brought forth something not explicitly stated (in the text) and of a different genus, so it does not suffice, just as if he were to bring forth a camel for forty sheep. Furthermore, the text (nass) specifies a sheep, so a camel does not suffice, just like the original case or the sheep of expiation. Moreover, it is a mandatory obligation (faridah) in which a sheep is required, so a camel does not suffice as a substitute, similar to the nisab of sheep. This differs from (the case of) two bint labun for a jadha'ah (a five-year-old camel), because they are of the same genus.

Section: The sheep given out is subject to the same standard as camels regarding quality and inferiority. One gives a fat sheep for fat camels, a lean one for lean ones, a high-quality one for high-quality ones, and an inferior one for inferior ones. If they are diseased, he gives a healthy sheep proportionate to the wealth; thus, he is asked: If the camels were healthy, what would their value be and the value of the sheep? If it is said: The value of the camels is one hundred and the value of the sheep is five, then he deducts from its value the proportion by which the camels have decreased. If the camels have decreased by a fifth of their value, a sheep whose value is four is required. It is also said: A sheep that would suffice for the sacrifice (udhiyah) suffices him, without regard to the value. According to both opinions, a diseased sheep does not suffice him, because what is given is of a different genus and not all of them are diseased; therefore, it is treated as a collection of healthy animals, and for them, only a healthy one suffices.

Notes

(16) In manuscripts A and M: "yujzi'uhu" (it suffices him). (17) In manuscripts A and M: "wa yutakharrju" (and it is derived). (18) Omitted from manuscript M. (19) In manuscripts A and M: "li-annaha" (because they are). (20) In manuscript M: "hazlah" (lean). (21) Omitted from the original.

Arabic (Source)

فصل: فإن أخْرَجَ عن الشَّاةِ بَعِيرًا لم يُجْزِئْهُ، سَوَاءٌ كانتْ قِيمَتُهُ أكْثَرَ من قِيمَةِ الشَّاةِ أو لم يكنْ، وحُكِىَ عن مَالِكٍ وداودَ. وقال الشَّافِعِىُّ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْىِ: يُجْزِئُ (١٦) البَعِيرُ عن العِشْرِينَ فما دُونَها. ويَتَخَرَّجُ (١٧) لَنا مِثلُ ذلك إذا كان المُخْرَجُ مما يُجْزِئُ عن خَمْسٍ وعِشْرِينَ؛ لأنه يُجْزِئُ عن خَمْسٍ وعِشْرِينَ، والعِشْرُونَ دَاخِلَةٌ فيها، ولأنَّ ما أجْزَأ عن الكَثِيرِ أجْزَأَ عَمَّا دُونَه، كابْنَتَىْ لَبُونٍ عمَّا دُونَ سِتَّةٍ وسَبْعِينَ. ولنَا، أنَّه أَخْرَجَ غيرَ المَنْصُوصِ عليه من غيْرِ جِنْسِه، فلم يُجْزِهِ، كما لو أخْرَجَ بَعِيرًا عن أرْبَعِينَ شاةً، ولأنَّ النَّصَّ وَرَدَ بالشَّاةِ، فلم يُجْزِئ البَعِيرُ كالأصْلِ، أو كشَاةِ الجُبْرَانِ، ولأنَّها فَرِيضَةٌ وَجَبَتْ فيها شَاةٌ فلمْ (١٨) يُجْزِئ عنها البَعِيرُ، كنِصابِ الغَنَمِ، ويُفارِقُ ابْنَتَىْ لَبُونٍ عن الجَذَعَةِ؛ لأنَّهما (١٩) من الجِنْسِ.

فصل: وتكونُ الشَّاةُ المُخْرَجَةُ كحالِ الإِبِلِ فى الجَوْدَةِ والرَّدَاءةِ، فَيُخْرِجُ عن الإِبِلِ السِّمَانِ سَمِينَةً، وعن الهُزَالِ هَزِيلةً (٢٠)، وعن الكَرَائِمِ كَرِيمَةً، وعن اللِّئَامِ لَئِيمَةً، فإن كانت مِرَاضًا أخْرَجَ شَاةً صَحِيحَةً على قَدْرِ المالِ، فيقالُ له (٢١): لو كانَتِ الإبِلُ صِحَاحًا كم كانتْ قِيمَتُها وقِيمَةُ الشَّاةِ؟ فيقال: قِيمَةُ الإِبِلِ مائةٌ وقِيمَةُ الشَّاةِ خَمْسَةٌ، فيَنْقُصُ من قِيمَتِها قَدْرُ ما نَقَصَتِ الإِبِلُ، فإذا نَقَصَتِ الإِبِلُ خُمْسَ قِيمَتِها وَجَبَ شَاةٌ قِيمَتُها أرْبَعَةٌ. وقيل: تُجْزِئُه شَاةٌ تُجْزِئُ فى الأُضْحِيةِ، من غَيْرِ نَظَرٍ إلى القِيمَةِ. وعلى القَوْلَيْنِ لا تُجْزِئُه مَرِيضَةٌ؛ لأنَّ المُخْرَجَ من غَيْرِ جِنْسِها، وليس كلُّه مِرَاضًا، فينزَّلُ مَنْزِلَةَ اجْتِمَاعِ الصِّحَاحِ، والمِرَاضُ لا تُجْزِئُ فيه إلَّا الصَّحِيحَةُ.

Notes

(١٦) فى ا، م: "يجزئه".(١٧) فى ا، م: "ويخرج".(١٨) سقط من: م.(١٩) فى ا، م: "لأنها".(٢٠) فى م: "هزلة".(٢١) سقط من: الأصل.

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