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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 4 · Page 20Section

Translation · EN

and it suffices him, and he has the reward for the increase.

Section: He shall give from his livestock according to its kind and its attribute. Thus, for Bukhti (Bactrian) camels, he shall give a Bukhti, for Arabian camels an Arabian one, for high-bred ones a high-bred one, for fat ones a fat one, and for low-bred or lean ones a low-bred or lean one. If he gives an Arabian camel for Bukhti camels at the value of a Bukhti one, or gives a lean one for fat ones at the value of a fat one, it is permissible, because the value, when the kind is the same, is what is intended. Abu Bakr chose this view. Another view was narrated from the Qadi: that it is not permissible, because it involves the loss of an intended attribute, so it is not permitted, just as if one were to give from a different kind. The correct view is the first, for what we have mentioned, and it differs from [the case of] a different kind. For the kind is considered in Zakat, which is why if one gives a camel in place of a sheep, it is not permissible; while with the same kind, it is permissible to give an excellent one in place of an inferior one, without disagreement.

400 - Issue; He said: "And if it increases beyond one hundred and twenty, then for every forty there is a bint labun, and for every fifty there is a hiqqa."

The manifest meaning of this is that if it increases by one over one hundred and twenty, then there are three bint labun due upon it. This is one of the two narrations from Ahmad and the madhhab of al-Awza'i, al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq. The second narration is that the obligatory amount does not change until one hundred and thirty, at which point there is a hiqqa and two bint labun due. This is the madhhab of Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar and Abu 'Ubayd. There are two narrations for Malik, because the obligation does not change with the increase of a single unit, by the evidence of the other obligations. Our evidence is the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "If it increases beyond one hundred and twenty, then for every forty there is a bint labun." The single unit is an increase, and this has come stated explicitly in the hadith of the Sadaqat (Zakat) which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wrote,

Notes

(22) Al-Bukhati: The Khorasani camels. (23) In manuscripts A and M: "ajaza" (permitted). (1) In manuscripts A, B, and M: "yata'adda" (transgresses). (2) It was previously mentioned on page 10.

Arabic (Source)

وتُجْزِئُهُ، وله أَجْرُ الزَّيادَةِ.

فصل: ويُخْرِجُ عن مَاشِيَتِه من جِنْسِها على صِفَتِها، فيُخْرِجُ عن البَخَاتَى (٢٢) بُخْتِيَّةً، وعن العِرَابِ عَرَبِيَّةً، وعن الكِرَامِ كَرِيمَةً، وعن السِّمَانِ سَمِينَةً، وعن اللِّئَامِ والهِزَالِ لَئِيمَةً هَزِيلَةً. فإن أَخْرَجَ عن البَخَاتَى عَرَبِيَّةً بِقِيمَةِ البُخْتِيَّةِ، أو أَخْرَجَ عن السِّمَانِ هَزِيلَةً بِقِيمَةِ السَّمِينَةِ، جَازَ؛ لأنَّ القِيمَةَ مع اتِّحَادِ الجِنْسِ هى المَقْصُودُ. اخْتارَ (٢٣) هذا أبو بكرٍ. وحُكِىَ عن القاضى وَجْهٌ آخَرُ: أنَّه لا يجوزُ؛ لأنَّ فيه تَفْوِيتَ صِفَةٍ مَقْصُودَةٍ، فلم يَجُزْ، كما لو أَخْرَجَ من جِنْسٍ آخَرَ. والصَّحِيحُ الأَوَّلُ؛ لما ذَكَرْنَا، وفارَقَ خِلافَ الجِنْسِ. فإنَّ الجِنْسَ مَرْعِىٌّ فى الزكاةِ، ولهذا لو أَخْرَجَ البَعِيرَ عن الشَّاةِ لم يَجُزْ، ومع الجِنْسِ يجوزُ إخْرَاجُ الجَيِّدِ عن الرَّدِىءِ، بغيرِ خِلَافٍ.

٤٠٠ - مسألة؛ قال: (فإذا زَادَتْ على عِشْرِينَ ومِائَةٍ، فَفِى كُلِّ أرْبَعِينَ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ، وفى كُلَّ خمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ)

ظَاهِرُ هذا أنَّها إذا زَادَتْ على العِشْرِينَ والْمِائةِ وَاحِدَةً ففيها ثلاثُ بَناتِ لَبُونٍ، وهو إحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عن أحمدَ، ومذهبُ الأوْزَاعِىَّ، والشَّافِعِىِّ، وإسْحاقَ. والرِّوَايَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ، لا يتغَيَّرُ (١) الفَرْضُ إلى ثَلَاثِينَ ومِائَةٍ، فيكونُ فيها حِقَّةٌ وبِنْتَا لَبُونٍ. وهذا مذهبُ محمدِ بن إسْحاقَ بن يَسَارٍ، وأبى عُبَيْدٍ. ولِمَالِكٍ رِوَايَتانِ؛ لأنَّ الفَرْضَ لا يَتَغَيَّرُ بِزِيَادَةِ الوَاحِدَةِ؛ بِدَلِيلِ سَائِرِ الفُرُوضِ. ولَنا، قولُ النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "فَإذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ ومِائَةٍ، فَفِى كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ" (٢). والواحِدَةُ زِيَادَةٌ، وقد جاءَ مُصرَّحًا به فى حديثِ الصَّدَقَاتِ الذى كَتَبَهُ رسولُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-،

Notes

(٢٢) البخاتى: الإِبل الخراسانية.(٢٣) فى ا، م: "أجاز".(١) فى ا، ب، م: "يتعدى".(٢) تقدم فى صفحة ١٠.

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