the reports, and by drawing an analogy (18) between gold and silver, and because it is one of the three items forbidden for males but not females; therefore, its small amount (19) is not forbidden, like the rest of them. Everything that is permitted among ornaments has no Zakat due on it if it is prepared for use.
452 - Issue: He said: (The one who uses vessels of gold and silver is a sinner, and Zakat is due on them).
The gist of this is that taking gold and silver vessels is forbidden for both women and men, as is using them (1). Al-Shafi'i said in one of his two views: Taking them is not forbidden; because the text only came down regarding the prohibition of using them, thus the permissibility of taking them remains based on the original principle of permissibility. Our view is that whatever its use is forbidden, its acquisition in a form intended for use is also forbidden, like instruments of amusement, and men and women are equal in this; because the meaning necessitating the prohibition applies to both, which is that it leads (2) to extravagance, arrogance, and the breaking of the hearts of the poor, so they are equal in the prohibition. It was only made lawful for women to adorn themselves due to their need for it to beautify themselves for their husbands, and this is not found in vessels, so it remains prohibited. Once this is established, Zakat is due on them, without disagreement among the scholars. There is no Zakat due on them until they reach the nisaab (minimum threshold) by weight, or he possesses other items that reach the nisaab when combined with it. If its value increases due to its craftsmanship (3), it is not taken into account; because it is forbidden, so it has no value in Islamic Law. He may pay the Zakat on it, which is a quarter of a tenth of its value as unworked gold. If he wishes to break it, he pays a quarter of a tenth of its weight broken, and if he pays a quarter of a tenth as crafted, it is permissible; because
(18) In [B] and [M]: "and by analogizing". (19) In [M]: "its small amount". (1) In [M]: "its use". (2) In [M]: "the leading to". (3) In [A], [B], and [M]: "for its manufacture".
الأخْبارِ، وبِقياسِ (١٨) الذَّهَبِ على الفِضَّةِ، ولأنَّه أحَدُ الثَّلَاثَةِ المُحَرَّمَةِ على الذُّكُورِ دُونَ الإِنَاثِ، فلم يُحَرَّمْ يَسِيرُه (١٩) كسَائِرِها، وكلُّ ما أُبِيحَ مِن الحَلْىِ، فلا زَكاةَ فيه، إذا كان مُعَدًّا لِلاسْتِعْمالِ.
٤٥٢ - مسألة؛ قال: (والمَتَّخِذُ آنِيَةَ الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ عَاصٍ، وفيها الزَّكَاةُ)
وجُمْلَتُه، أنَّ اتِّخاذَ آنِيَةِ الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ حَرامٌ على النِّساءِ والرِّجالِ جَمِيعًا، وكذلك اسْتِعْمالُها (١). وقال الشَّافِعِيُّ، في أحَدِ قَوْلَيْه: لا يَحْرُمُ اتِّخَاذُها؛ لأنَّ النَّصَّ إنَّما وَرَدَ في تَحْرِيمِ الاسْتِعْمالِ، فيَبْقَى إباحَةُ الاتِّخَاذِ على مُقْتَضَى الأصْلِ في الإِباحَةِ. ولَنا، أنَّ ما حَرُمَ اسْتِعْمالُه حَرُمَ اتِّخَاذُه على هَيْئَةِ الاسْتِعْمالِ كالملاهِى، ويَسْتَوى في ذلك الرِّجالُ، والنِّساءُ؛ لأنَّ المَعْنَى المُقْتَضِى لِلتَّحْرِيمِ يَعَمُّهما، وهو إفْضاؤُه (٢) إلى السَّرَفِ والخُيَلاءِ، وكَسْرِ قُلُوبِ الفُقَرَاءِ، فيَسْتَوِيانِ في التَّحْرِيمِ، وإنَّما أُحِلَّ لِلنِّساءِ التَّحَلِّى لِحَاجَتِهِنَّ إليه لِلتَّزَيُّنِ لِلأزْواجِ، وليس هذا بمَوْجُودٍ في الآنِيَةِ، فيَبْقَى على التَّحْرِيمِ. إذا ثَبَتَ هذا، فإنَّ فيها الزكاةَ، بغيرِ خِلافٍ بين أهْلِ العِلْمِ، ولا زَكَاةَ فيها حتى تَبْلُغَ نِصَابًا بالوَزْنِ، أو يكونَ عندَه ما يَبْلُغُ نِصَابًا بِضَمِّها إليه. وإن زَادَتْ قِيمَتُه لِصيَاغتِه (٣)، فلا عِبْرَةَ بها؛ لأنَّها مُحَرَّمَةٌ فلا قِيمَةَ لها في الشَّرْعِ، وله أن يُخْرِجَ عنها قَدْرَ رُبْعِ عُشْرِها بقيِمَتِه غيرَ مَصُوغٍ. وإن أحَبَّ كَسْرَها، أخْرَجَ رُبْعَ عُشْرِها مَكْسُورًا، وإن أخْرَجَ رُبْعَ عُشْرِها مَصُوغًا، جَازَ؛ لأنَّ
(١٨) في ب، م: "ويقاس".(١٩) في م: "يسيرها".(١) في م: "استعماله".(٢) في م: "الإفضاء".(٣) في أ، ب، م: "لصناعته".