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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 4 · Page 22

Translation · EN

wrote a document for 'Amr ibn Hazm, in which he mentioned the Sadaqat (obligatory alms) and the Diyat (blood money), and mentioned in it something similar to this. As for us, the two hadiths of Sadaqat—the one that Abu Bakr wrote for Anas, and the one that was in the possession of the family of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab—support our school of thought, and they are both authentic (sahih). Abu Bakr narrated it from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), saying: "This is the obligatory Sadaqah that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made obligatory upon the Muslims." As for the document of 'Amr ibn Hazm, there is a difference of opinion regarding its format, and al-Athram narrated in his "Sunan" something similar to our school of thought. Adopting that is more appropriate, because of its agreement with the authentic hadiths and its agreement with analogy (qiyas). For if the Zakat on wealth is required from its own kind, it should not be required from a different kind, like the rest of the grazing livestock. Furthermore, it is wealth for which consolation (muwasah) from its own kind is possible, so it should not be required from a different kind, like cattle and sheep. It was only required in the initial stages from a different kind because it was not possible for it to bear consolation from its own kind, so it was not required from a different kind; we therefore resorted to a different kind out of necessity. That necessity has ceased due to the increase and abundance of the wealth. Moreover, according to them, it transitions from a bint makhad to a hiqqa with an increase of only five camels, which is a small increase that does not warrant a transition to a hiqqa; for we do not transition—in the area of consensus—from a bint makhad to a hiqqa except with an increase of twenty-one. If it exceeds one hundred and twenty, then a fraction of a camel does not change the obligatory amount according to anyone among the people; because in some narrations, it states: "If it increases by one." This qualifies the absolute increase mentioned in the other narration. Also, because the rest of the obligatory amounts do not change with the increase of a fraction. According to both narrations, whenever the camels reach one hundred and thirty, there is a hiqqa and two bint labun due; at one hundred and forty, two hiqqas and two bint labun; at one hundred and fifty, three hiqqas; and at one hundred and sixty, four bint labun. Then, whenever it increases by ten,

Notes

(9) Recorded by al-Hakim in: The Chapter on the Zakat of Gold, from the Book of Zakat, al-Mustadrak 1/395-397. And 'Abd al-Razzaq in: The Chapter on Sadaqat, from the Book of Zakat, al-Musannaf 4/4, 5. Al-Haythami mentioned it in: The Chapter on the Clarification of Zakat, from the Book of Zakat, Majma' al-Zawa'id 3/71. It was also recorded in abbreviated form by: al-Darimi in: The Chapter on the Zakat of Sheep, and the Chapter on the Zakat of Camels, from the Book of Zakat, Sunan al-Darimi 1/381, 383. And al-Daraqutni in: The Chapter on the Zakat of Camels and Sheep, from the Book of Zakat, Sunan al-Daraqutni 2/117. (10) In manuscripts A and M: "yunqal". (11) In manuscripts A and M: "nunqal".

Arabic (Source)

كَتَبَ لِعَمْرِو بن حَزْمٍ كِتَابًا، ذَكَرَ فيه الصَّدَقَاتِ والدِّيَاتِ (٩)، وذَكَرَ فيه مِثْلَ هذا. ولنا، أنَّ فى حَدِيثَىِ الصَّدَقَاتِ الذى كَتَبَهُ أبو بكرٍ لِأَنَسٍ، والذى كان عندَ آلِ عمرَ ابن الخَطَّابِ مِثْلَ مَذْهَبِنا، وهما صَحِيحانِ، وقد رَوَاهُ أبو بكرٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- بِقَوْلِه: هذِهِ فَرِيضَةُ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِى فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- على المُسْلِمِينَ. وأمَّا كتابُ عَمْرِو بن حَزْمٍ، فقد اخْتُلِفَ فى صِفَتِه، فرَوَاهُ الأَثْرَمُ فى "سُنَنِه" مِثْلَ مَذْهَبِنا. والأخْذُ بذلك أَوْلَى، لِمُوَافَقَتِه الأحَادِيثَ الصَّحاحَ، ومُوَافَقَتِه القِياسَ، فإنَّ المالَ إذا وَجَبَ فيه مِن جِنْسِه لم يَجِبْ من غَيْرِ جِنْسِه، كسائِرِ بَهِيمة الأنْعامِ، ولأنَّه مالٌ احْتَمَلَ المُوَاساةَ من جِنْسِه، فلم يَجِبْ من غيرِ جِنْسِه، كالبَقَرِ والغَنَمِ، وإنَّما وَجَبَ فى الابْتِدَاءِ مِن غيرِ جِنْسِه، لأنَّه ما احْتَمَلَ المُوَاساةَ من جِنْسِهِ، فلم يَجِبْ مِن غيرِ جِنْسِه، فعَدَلْنَا إلى غيرِ الجِنْسِ ضَرُورَةً، وقد زَالَ ذلك بِزِيادَةِ المالِ وكَثْرَتِه، ولأنَّه عِنْدَهم يَنْتَقِلُ (١٠) مِن بِنْتِ مَخَاضٍ إلى حِقَّةٍ، بِزِيَادَةِ خَمْسٍ من الإِبِلِ، وهى زِيَادَةٌ يَسِيرَةٌ لا تَقْتَضِى الانْتِقَالَ إلى حِقَّةٍ، فإنَّا لم نَنْتَقِلْ (١١) فى مَحَلِّ الوِفَاقِ مِن بِنْتِ مَخَاضٍ إلى حِقَّةٍ، إلَّا بِزِيَادَةِ إحْدَى وعِشْرِينَ، وإن زَادَتْ على مائةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ جُزْءًا من بَعِيرٍ، لم يَتَغَيَّرِ الفَرْضُ عند أحَدٍ من النَّاسِ؛ لأنَّ فى بعضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ: "فإذا زَادَتْ وَاحِدَةً". وهذا يُقَيِّدُ مُطْلَقَ الزِّيادَةِ فى الرِّوَايَةِ الأُخْرَى، ولأنَّ سائِرَ الفُرُوضِ لا تَتَغَيَّرُ بِزِيادَةِ جُزْءٍ. وعلى كِلْتا الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ متى بَلَغَتِ الإِبِلُ مائةً وثَلَاثِينَ ففيها حِقَّةٌ وبِنتا لَبُونٍ، وفى مائةٍ وأَرْبَعِينَ حِقَّتَانِ وبِنْتَا لَبُونٍ، وفى مائةٍ وخَمْسِينَ ثَلَاثُ حِقَاقٍ، وفى مائةٍ وسِتِّينَ أَرْبَعُ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ. ثم كُلَّما زَادَتْ عَشْرًا

Notes

(٩) أخرجه الحاكم، فى: باب زكاة الذهب، من كتاب الزكاة. المستدرك ١/ ٣٩٥ - ٣٩٧. وعبد الرزاق، فى: باب الصدقات، من كتاب الزكاة. المصنف ٤/ ٤، ٥. وذكره الهيثمى، فى: باب منه فى بيان الزكاة، من كتاب الزكاة. مجمع الزوائد ٣/ ٧١. وأخرجه مختصرا كل من: الدارمى، فى: باب زكاة الغنم، وباب زكاة الإِبل، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن الدارمى ١/ ٣٨١، ٣٨٣. والدارقطنى، فى: باب زكاة الإِبل والغنم، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن الدارقطنى ٢/ ١١٧.(١٠) فى ا، م: "ينقل".(١١) فى ا، م: "ننقل".

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