Jubayr, al-Nakha'i, al-Thawri, Ishaq (3), and the People of Opinion, that it is upon the Muslim master to pay the fitrah on behalf of his dhimmi slave. Abu Hanifah said: He pays on behalf of his minor son if he apostatizes. It is narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Pay on behalf of every free person and slave, young or old, Jew, Christian, or Magian, half a sa' of wheat" (4). And because every zakah that is obligatory due to one's Muslim slave is also obligatory due to one's disbelieving slave, like the zakah on trade. Our evidence is the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the hadith of Ibn Umar: "...from among the Muslims" (5). Abu Dawud (6) narrated from Ibn Abbas, who said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made Zakat al-Fitr obligatory as a purification for the fasting person from idle talk and foul language, and as food for the needy. Whoever pays it before the prayer, it is an accepted zakah, and whoever pays it after the prayer, it is a charity like other charities." Its chain of narration is hasan (good) (7). Their hadith is unknown to us, and the compilers of the Sunan collections did not mention it. This is also the statement of Ibn Abbas, who contradicts it, yet he is the narrator of their hadith. The zakah on trade is obligatory based on value, which is why it is required for all types of animals and wealth; while this (Zakat al-Fitr) is a purification for the body, which is why human beings are specifically designated for it, unlike the zakah on trade.

Section: If a disbeliever has a Muslim slave, and the new moon of Shawwal appears while he is in his possession, it is narrated from Ahmad that the disbeliever must pay the Sadaqat al-Fitr on his behalf. The Qadi chose this view. Ibn Aqil said: It is possible that it is not obligatory. This (8) is the opinion of the majority of them. Ibn al-Mundhir said: All those among the scholars whose opinions we have memorized have agreed that there is no charity due from a dhimmi on behalf of his Muslim slave, because of his (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saying: "From among the Muslims." Also, because he is a disbeliever, the fitrah is not obligatory upon him, just as with all other disbelievers; and because the fitrah is a zakah, it is not obligatory upon the disbeliever, just like the zakah on wealth. Our argument is that the slave is a subject for purification, so it is required that the fitrah be paid on his behalf, just as if his master were a Muslim. His statement "from among the Muslims" could imply the one on whose behalf it is paid, proved by the fact that if a Muslim had a disbelieving slave, his fitrah would not be obligatory. Furthermore, he mentioned in the hadith every slave and minor, which indicates that he intended the person on whose behalf the payment is made, not the person who pays it. The companions of al-Shafi'i have two views on this, similar to the (two) schools of thought.

467 - Issue: He said: "(A sa' according to the sa' of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), which is five ratls and a third.)"

The summary of this is that the amount required for Sadaqat al-Fitr is one sa' for every person; less than that does not suffice from any of the types of items paid. This is the opinion of Malik, al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq. It is also narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, al-Hasan, and Abu al-'Aliyah. It is narrated from Uthman ibn 'Affan, Ibn al-Zubayr, and Mu'awiyah that half a sa' of wheat specifically suffices. This is the school of Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, 'Ata', Tawus, Mujahid, 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr (1), Abu Salamah ibn 'Abd al-Rahman, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, and the People of Opinion. There is a difference in narration from 'Ali, Ibn 'Abbas, and al-Sha'bi; sometimes a sa' is reported, and sometimes half a sa' is reported. Regarding Abu Hanifah, there are two narrations concerning raisins: one is a sa', and the other is half a sa'. They argued using what Tha'labah ibn Abi (2) Su'ayr narrated from his father, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).