and he was merely mistaken (23) regarding the time.
Section: When he specifies the intention for the fast of Ramadan, or its making up, or (24) an expiation, or a vow, he does not need to intend that it is an obligation. Ibn Hamid said: That is required. The explanation for that has already passed in the [chapter on] prayer (25).
486 - Issue: He said: (And whoever intends to perform a voluntary fast during the day, provided he has not yet eaten, it suffices him.)
The summary of this is that a voluntary fast is permissible with an intention made during the day according to our Imam, Abu Hanifa, and al-Shafi'i. This has also been narrated from Abu al-Darda', Abu Talha, Ibn Mas'ud, Hudhayfah, Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, al-Nakha'i, and the scholars of opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y). Malik and Dawud said: It is not permissible except with an intention from the night, due to his statement, peace be upon him: "There is no fasting for the one who has not determined the fast from the night" (1). Also, because in prayer the time for the intention of the obligatory and the voluntary coincides, so it is the same for fasting. Our argument is what 'Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, narrated, saying: The Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - entered upon me one day and said: "Do you have anything (2)?" We said: No. He said: "Then I am fasting." This was recorded by Muslim, Abu Dawud, and al-Nasa'i (3). The hadith of
(23) In manuscript M: "you were mistaken." (24) Omitted from A, B, and M. (25) It was previously discussed in 2/132-134. (1) Its verification was provided previously on page 334. (2) Omitted from the original and A. (3) Recorded by Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Permissibility of Voluntary Fasting with an Intention Made During the Day..., from the Book of Fasting. Sahih Muslim 2/808, 809. And Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on the Concession Regarding That, from the Book of Fasting. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/571. And al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on the Intention in Fasting, from the Book of Fasting. Al-Mujtaba 4/163. It was also recorded by al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on Voluntary Fasting without Night-time Determination, from the Books of Fasting. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 3/269, 270. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 6/207.
