Section: Whoever wakes up with food between his teeth, it cannot be devoid of one of two states: First, that it is a small amount that he cannot spit out, so he swallows it; he does not break his fast by this (47) because it is impossible to avoid, so it is like saliva. Ibn al-Mundhir said: The scholars are in consensus on this. Second, that it is a large amount that he is able to spit out; if he spits it out, there is nothing against him, but if he swallows it intentionally, his fast is invalidated according to the opinion of the majority of scholars. Abu Hanifa said: He does not break his fast, because it is inevitable that some remains of what he eats will stay between his teeth, and it is impossible to avoid, so it resembles what is carried by saliva. Our position is that he swallowed food that he was able to spit out by his own choice, while mindful of his fast, so he broke his fast by it, just as if he had started eating. It differs from what is carried by saliva, for he cannot spit that out. If it is said: "He can spit," we reply: "Not all saliva leaves with his spitting, and if he were prohibited from swallowing all his saliva, it would not be possible for him to do so."

Section: If one drops oil into his urethra, he does not break his fast by it, regardless of whether it reaches the bladder or not. Abu Hanifa holds this position as well. Al-Shafi'i said: It breaks the fast, because he has introduced oil into an interior part of his body, so he has broken his fast, just as if he intended a deep wound (ja'ifa). Furthermore, semen exits from the penis and breaks the fast, and what breaks the fast by exiting from it, it is plausible that it could break the fast by entering into it, like the mouth. Our position is that there is no passage between the interior of the penis and the interior of the body; rather, urine exits by filtration. Therefore, what one places inside it does not reach the interior of the body, so it does not break his fast, just like what one places in his mouth and does not swallow.

Fourth Section: If one kisses and then ejaculates (amna) or secretes pre-seminal fluid (amdha). The one who is kissing is not devoid of three states: The first is that he does not discharge; his fast is not invalidated by that, and we know of no disagreement regarding this, based on what Aisha narrated that the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - would kiss while fasting, and he was the most capable among you to control his desire. Narrated by...