And the statement of Rabi‘ah is invalidated by the person who has an excuse. The Hadith of Abu Hurayrah was mentioned to Ahmad: "Whoever breaks his fast for one day of Ramadan intentionally, he cannot make it up even if he were to fast for a lifetime" (66). He said: "This Hadith is not authentic."
490 - Issue; He said: (And if he does that out of forgetfulness, he remains upon his fast, and there is no making up required of him.)
In summary, everything that al-Khiraqi mentioned in this issue does not invalidate the fast of a fasting person if done out of forgetfulness. It is narrated from ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him: There is nothing upon one who eats out of forgetfulness. This is the opinion of Abu Hurayrah, Ibn ‘Umar, ‘Ata’, Tawus, Ibn Abi Dhi’b, al-Awza‘i, al-Thawri, al-Shafi‘i, Abu Hanifa, and Ishaq. Rabi‘ah and Malik said: He breaks his fast, because that which does not allow for a valid fast when done intentionally, is not permissible when done by mistake, such as intercourse and leaving out the intention. Our evidence is what Abu Hurayrah narrated, saying: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "If one of you eats or drinks out of forgetfulness, let him complete his fast, for it is only Allah who has fed him and given him drink." Agreed upon (1). In another wording: "Whoever eats or drinks out of forgetfulness, he should not break his fast, for it is only a provision that Allah has provided for him" (2). And because it is an act of worship involving...
(66) Recorded by al-Bukhari in suspended form (mu‘allaq), who said: "It is mentioned from Abu Hurayrah in a marfu‘ form," in: Chapter on if one has intercourse in Ramadan, from the Book of Fasting. Sahih al-Bukhari 3/41. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on the severity regarding one who breaks his fast intentionally, from the Book of Fasting. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/559. Al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on what has come regarding breaking the fast intentionally, from the Chapters on Fasting. ‘Aridat al-Ahwadhi 3/249. Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on what has come regarding the expiation for one who breaks his fast one day in Ramadan, from the Book of Fasting. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/534. Al-Darimi, in: Chapter on one who breaks his fast one day of Ramadan intentionally, from the Book of Fasting. Sunan al-Darimi 2/10. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 2/386, 442, 458, 470. (1) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on the fasting person if he eats or drinks out of forgetfulness, from the Book of Fasting. Sahih al-Bukhari 3/40. Muslim, in: Chapter on the fasting person who eats or drinks or has intercourse out of forgetfulness not breaking his fast, from the Book of Fasting. Sahih Muslim 2/809. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on one who eats out of forgetfulness, from the Book of Fasting. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/559. Al-Darimi, in: Chapter on one who eats out of forgetfulness, from the Book of Fasting. Sunan al-Darimi 2/13. Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on what has come regarding one who breaks his fast out of forgetfulness, from the Book of Fasting. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/535. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 2/425, 489, 491, 493. (2) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on what has come regarding the fasting person who eats or drinks out of forgetfulness, from the Chapters on Fasting. ‘Aridat al-Ahwadhi 3/246, 247.
وقولُ رَبِيعَةَ يَبْطُلُ بِالمَعْذُورِ. وذُكِرَ لأحمدَ حَدِيثُ أبى هُرَيْرَةَ: "مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْمًا من رَمَضَانَ مُتَعَمِّدًا، لم يَقْضِه، ولو صَامَ الدَّهْرَ" (٦٦). فقال: ليس يَصِحُّ هذا الحَدِيثُ.
٤٩٠ - مسألة؛ قال: (وإن فَعَلَ ذلِك ناسِيًا، فَهُوَ عَلَى صَوْمِه، ولَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ)
وجُمْلَتُه أن جَمِيعَ ما ذَكَرَهُ الخِرَقِىُّ فى هذه المَسْأَلَةِ لا يُفْطِرُ الصائمُ بفِعْلِه نَاسِيًا. وَرُوِىَ عن عَلِىٍّ رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه: لا شىءَ على من أكَلَ نَاسِيًا. وهو قَوْلُ أبى هُرَيْرَةَ، وابنِ عمرَ، وعَطاءٍ، وطَاوُسٍ، وابنِ أبى ذِئْبٍ، والأوْزَاعِىِّ، والثَّوْرِىِّ، والشَّافِعِىِّ، وأبى حنيفةَ، وإسحاقَ. وقال رَبِيعَةُ، ومَالِكٌ: يُفْطِرُ؛ لأنَّ ما لا يَصِحُّ الصَّوْمُ مع شىءٍ من جِنْسِه عَمْدًا، لا يجوزُ مع سَهْوِه، كالجِماعِ، وتَرْكِ النِّيَّةِ. ولَنا، ما رَوَى أبو هُرَيْرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "إذا أكَلَ أحَدُكُم أوْ شَرِبَ نَاسِيًا، فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَه، فَإنَّمَا أَطعَمَهُ اللهُ وسَقَاهُ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (١) وفى لَفْظٍ: "مَنْ أَكَلَ أوْ شَرِبَ نَاسِيًا، فَلَا يُفْطِرْ، فَإنَّمَا هُوَ رِزْقٌ رَزَقَهُ اللهُ" (٢). ولأنَّها عِبَادَةٌ ذاتُ
(٦٦) أخرجه البخارى معلقا، قال: ويذكر عن أبى هريرة رفعه، فى: باب إذا جامع فى رمضان، من كتاب الصوم. صحيح البخارى ٣/ ٤١. كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب التغليظ فى من أفطر عمدا، من كتاب الصيام. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٥٥٩. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى الإِفطار متعمدا، من أبواب الصوم. عارضة الأحوذى ٣/ ٢٤٩. وابن ماجه، فى: باب ما جاء فى كفارة من أفطر يوما من رمضان، من كتاب الصيام. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٥٣٤. والدارمى، فى: باب من أفطر يوما من رمضان متعمدا، من كتاب الصوم. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ١٠. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٣٨٦، ٤٤٢، ٤٥٨، ٤٧٠.(١) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب الصائم إذا أكل أو شرب ناسيا. من كتاب الصوم. صحيح البخارى ٣/ ٤٠. ومسلم، فى: باب أكل الناسى وشربه وجماعه لا يفطر. من كتاب الصيام. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٨٠٩. كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب من أكل ناسيا، من كتاب الصيام. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٥٥٩. والدارمى، فى: باب فى من أكل ناسيا، من كتاب الصوم. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ١٣. وابن ماجه، فى: باب ما جاء فى من أفطر ناسيا، من كتاب الصيام. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٥٣٥. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٤٢٥، ٤٨٩، ٤٩١، ٤٩٣.(٢) أخرجه الترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى الصائم يأكل أو يشرب ناسيا، من أبواب الصوم. عارضة الأحوذى=
