that he reaches maturity during the day by age, or the traveler knows that he will arrive, the fast does not become obligatory for them before their excuse ceases; because the cause of the concession is present, so its ruling is established, just as if they did not know that.
Section: The traveler, the menstruating woman, and the sick person are required to make up [the fast] if they have broken it, without disagreement; because of the saying of Allah the Almighty: {So whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then an equal number of other days} [Al-Baqarah: 185]. The implication is: 'and [thus] breaks his fast.' Aisha said: 'We would menstruate during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and we would be commanded to make up the fast.' If the insane person recovers, or the child reaches puberty, or the disbeliever accepts Islam during the day, and the child is currently not fasting, there are two narrations regarding the obligation of making up the day. One of them is that they are not required to do so; because they did not reach a time in which it was possible for them to engage in the act of worship, so it resembles a case where their excuse ceases after the time has passed. The second [narration]: They are required to make up [the fast]; because they reached a portion of the time of the act of worship, so making it up becomes obligatory for them, just as if they had reached a portion of the time of prayer.
499 - Issue: He said: (If he eats, thinking that the dawn has not yet risen, and it had actually risen, or breaks his fast thinking that the sun has set, and it has not set, he is required to make it up.)
This is the opinion of most scholars among the jurists and others. It was narrated from 'Urwah, Mujahid, Al-Hasan, and Ishaq: There is no obligation for them to make it up; because of what Zayd ibn Wahb narrated, who said: 'I was sitting in the mosque of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, in Ramadan, during the time of Umar ibn al-Khattab, and we were brought vessels containing drink from the house of Hafsa. We drank, and we thought it was still night. Then the clouds cleared, and behold, the sun was rising.' He said: 'The people began saying: We will make up a day in its place. Umar said: By Allah, we will not make it up; we did not intentionally commit a sin.' And because he did not intend
(5) Surah Al-Baqarah, 185. (6) Previously mentioned in 1/387. (1) The plural of 'uss, which is a large cup. (2) Tajana'na: we swerved/inclined. (3) Narrated by Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah, in: 'The Chapter on what they said concerning the man who sees that the sun has set,' from the book of Fasting. Al-Musannaf 3/24.
أنَّه يَبْلُغُ فى أثْناء النَّهَارِ بالسِّنِّ، أو عَلِمَ المُسَافِرُ أنَّه يَقْدَمُ، لم يَلْزَمْهما الصِّيامُ قبلَ زَوَالِ عُذْرِهِما؛ لأنَّ سَبَبَ الرُّخْصَةِ مَوْجُودٌ، فَيَثْبُتُ حُكْمُها، كما لو لم يَعْلَما ذلك.
فصل: ويلْزَمُ المُسَافِرَ والحَائِضَ والمَرِيضَ القَضَاءُ، إذا أفْطرُوا، بغيرِ خِلافٍ؛ لِقَوْلِ اللهِ تعالى: {فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ} (٥). والتَّقْدِيرُ: فأفْطَرَ. وقالتْ عائشةُ: كُنَّا نَحِيضُ على عَهْدِ رسولِ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، فنُؤْمَرُ بِقَضاءِ الصَّوْمِ (٦). وإن أفَاقَ المَجْنُونُ، أو بَلَغَ الصَّبِىُّ، أوْ أسْلَمَ الكَافِرُ، فى أثْنَاء النَّهارِ، والصَّبِىُّ مُفْطِرٌ، ففى وُجُوبِ القَضاءِ رِوايَتَانِ؛ إحْدَاهما، لا يَلْزَمُهم ذلك؛ لأنَّهم لم يُدْرِكُوا وَقْتًا يُمْكِنُهم التَّلبُّسُ بالعِبادَةِ فيه، فأشْبَهَ ما لو زَالَ عُذْرُهُمْ بعدَ خُرُوجِ الوَقْتِ. والثانية: يَلْزَمُهم القَضاءُ؛ لأنَّهم أدْرَكُوا بعضَ وَقْتِ العِبادَةِ، فلَزِمَهم القَضاءُ، كما لو أدْرَكُوا بعضَ وَقْتِ الصلاةِ.
٤٩٩ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإنْ أكَلَ يَظُنُّ أنَّ الفَجْرَ لَمْ يَطْلُعْ، وقَدْ كَانَ طَلَعَ، أو أفْطَرَ يَظُنُّ أنَّ الشَّمْسَ قَدْ غَابَتْ، ولَمْ تَغِبْ، فَعَلَيْهِ القَضَاءُ)
هذا قَوْلُ أكْثَرِ أهْلِ العِلْمِ من الفُقَهاءِ وغَيْرِهم. وحُكِىَ عن عُرْوَةَ، ومُجاهِدٍ، والحسنِ، وإسحاقَ: لا قَضاءَ عليهم؛ لما رَوَى زيدُ بنُ وَهْبٍ، قال: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا فى مَسْجِدِ رسولِ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فى رمضانَ، فى زَمَنِ عمرَ بن الخَطَّابِ، فأُتِينَا بِعِسَاسٍ (١) فيها شَرَابٌ من بَيْتِ حَفْصَةَ، فشَرِبْنَا، ونحنُ نَرَى أنَّه من اللَّيْلِ، ثم انْكَشَفَ السَّحابُ، فإذا الشَّمْسُ طَالِعَةٌ. قال: فجَعَلَ النَّاس يَقُولُونَ: نَقْضِى يَوْمًا مَكَانَه. فقال عمرُ: واللهِ لا نَقْضِيه، ما تَجَانَفْنَا (٢) لإثْمٍ (٣). ولأنَّه لم يَقْصِد
(٥) سورة البقرة ١٨٥.(٦) تقدم فى ١/ ٣٨٧.(١) جمع العُسّ، وهو القدح الكبير.(٢) تجانفنا: تمايلنا.(٣) أخرجه أبو بكر بن أبى شيبة، فى: باب ما قالوا فى الرجل يرى أن الشمس قد غربت، من كتاب الصيام. المصنف ٣/ ٢٤.
