eating while fasting, therefore compensation (qada') is not required of him, like the person who eats out of forgetfulness. Our evidence is that he ate by choice, while mindful of the fast, and thus broke his fast, just as if he had eaten on the Day of Doubt. Furthermore, it is ignorance of the time of fasting, for which he is not excused, just like ignorance regarding the beginning of Ramadan. Also, it is possible to take precautions against it, so it resembles the eating of one who does so intentionally, and differs from the one who forgets, for it is not possible to take precautions against that. As for the report, Al-Athram narrated that Umar said: 'Whoever eats, let him make up a day in its place.' Malik also narrated in the "Al-Muwatta'" that Umar said: 'The matter is simple,' meaning the ease of making up the day. Hisham ibn 'Urwah narrated from his wife Fatima, from Asma', who said: 'We broke our fast during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, on a cloudy day, then the sun came out.' It was said to Hisham: 'Were they commanded to make up the fast?' He said: 'Is there any way to avoid making it up?' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari.

Section: If he eats while in doubt about the rising of dawn, and the matter is not clarified, there is no compensation upon him, and he is permitted to eat until he is certain that the dawn has risen. Ahmad explicitly stated this. This is also the opinion of Ibn Abbas, 'Ata', Al-Awza'i, Al-Shafi'i, and the scholars of opinion (As-hab al-Ra'y). A similar meaning was narrated from Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq and Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them. Malik said: Compensation is required, because the original state is the continuation of the fast in his liability, which is not removed by doubt, and because he ate while in doubt between day and night, so compensation became obligatory upon him, just as if he had eaten while in doubt about the sunset.