If he owes two hiqqahs (three-year-old camels) and has two healthy bint labun (two-year-old female camels), he is given the choice between extracting them along with the compensatory payment (jubran), or purchasing two healthy hiqqahs proportional to the value of the wealth. If he has two healthy jadha'at (four-year-old camels), he may extract them while taking the compensatory payment. If he owes two hiqqahs and half his wealth is healthy while the other half is diseased, Ibn 'Aqil said: He may extract one healthy hiqqah and one diseased hiqqah, because the half in which one of the hiqqahs is due consists entirely of diseased animals. The correct position in the madhhab is the opposite of this; because there is both healthy and diseased wealth in his possession, he does not have the right to extract a diseased one, just as if it were a single nisaab (threshold). Furthermore, the half in which the hiqqah is due is not specifically determined as being among the diseased ones, and similarly, if it belonged to two partners, the right of one of them would not be determined as being in the diseased animals to the exclusion of the other. If the entire threshold is diseased, the correct position in the madhhab is the permissibility of extracting the mandatory zakat from it, and it should be of average value, [with no consideration] (20) for the degree of the defect, whether little or much, because the value accounts for that. This is the opinion of al-Shafi'i, Abu Yusuf, and Muhammad. Malik said: If they are all mangy, he extracts a mangy one, and if they are all toothless (hatma'), he is compelled to purchase a healthy one. Abu Bakr said: Nothing suffices except a healthy one, because Ahmad said: "Nothing is taken except what is permissible for sacrifices," and due to the prohibition against taking an animal with a defect ('uwar). According to this, he is compelled to purchase a healthy one equal to the value of the diseased one. Our evidence is the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Beware of the choice portions of their wealth" (21), and his statement: "Indeed, Allah Almighty did not ask of you its best, nor did He command you to give its worst." Narrated by Abu Dawud (22). Furthermore, the foundation of zakat is based on mutual assistance (muwasah), and obligating the extraction of a healthy animal in place of diseased ones is a failure of that mutual assistance. For this reason, he takes from the inferior quality of crops and fruits of their own kind, and takes from the base and lean animals of the livestock of their own kind; thus, it is the same here. We have already mentioned
(19) In M: "yataghayyar" (it changes). (20) In M: "wa-al-i'tibar" (and consideration). (21) Its recording was mentioned previously on 1/275; see the previous footnote on page 5. (22) In: Chapter on Zakat of Grazing Livestock, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/365.
وَجَبَتْ عليه حِقَّتَانِ وعندَه ابْنَتَا لَبُونٍ صَحِيحَتَانِ، خُيِّرَ بين إخْرَاجِهِما مع الجُبْرَانِ، وبين شِرَاءِ حِقَّتَيْنِ صَحِيحَتَيْنِ على قَدْرِ قِيمَةِ المالِ. وإن كان عِنْدَهُ جَذَعَتَانِ صَحِيحَتانِ، فله إخْرَاجُهما مع أخْذِ الجُبْرَانِ. وإن كانت عليه حِقَّتَانِ ونِصْفُ مَالِه صَحِيحٌ ونِصْفُهُ مَرِيضٌ، فقال ابْنُ عَقِيلٍ: له إخْرَاجُ حِقَّةٍ صَحِيحَةٍ، وحِقَّةٍ مَرِيضَةٍ؛ لأنَّ النِّصْفَ الذى يَجِبُ فيه إحْدَى الحِقَّتَيْنِ مَرِيضٌ كُلُّهُ. والصَّحِيحُ فى المذهبِ خِلَافُ هذا؛ لأنَّ فى مَالِه صَحِيحًا ومَرِيضًا، فلم يَمْلِكْ إخْرَاجَ مَرِيضَةٍ، كما لو كان نِصَابًا وَاحِدًا، ولم يتعَيَّنِ (١٩) النِّصْفُ الذى وَجَبَتْ فيه الحِقَّةُ فى المِرَاضِ، وكذلك لو كان لِشَرِيكَيْنِ، لم يَتَعَيَّنْ حَقُّ أَحَدِهما فى المِرَاضِ دُونَ الآخَرِ. وإن كان النِّصَابُ مِرَاضًا كلُّه، فالصَّحِيحُ فى المذهبِ جَوَازُ إخْرَاجِ الفَرْضِ منه، ويَكُونُ وَسَطًا فى القِيمَةِ، [ولا اعْتبار] (٢٠) بقِلَّةِ العَيْبِ وكَثْرَتِه؛ لأنَّ القِيمَةَ تَأْتِى على ذلك. وهو قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِىِّ، وأبى يوسفَ، ومحمدٍ. وقال مَالِكٌ: إن كانتْ كُلُّهَا جَرْبَاءَ أخْرَجَ جَرْبَاءَ، وإن كانت كُلُّها هَتْمَاءَ كُلِّفَ شِرَاءَ صَحِيحَةٍ. وقال أبو بكرٍ: لا تُجْزِئُ إلَّا صَحِيحَةٌ؛ لأنَّ أحمدَ، قال: لا يُؤْخَذُ إلَّا ما يجوزُ فى الأضاحِى، ولِلنَّهْىِ عن أَخْذِ ذَاتِ العُوَارِ، فعَلى هذا يُكَلَّفُ شِرَاءَ صَحِيحَةٍ بِقَدْرِ قِيمَةِ المَرِيضَةِ. ولَنا، قَوْلُ النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "إيَّاكَ وكَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ" (٢١) وقال: "إنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى لَمْ يَسْأَلْكُمْ خَيْرَهُ، ولم يَأْمُرْكُمْ بِشَرِّهِ". رَوَاه أبو دَاوُدَ (٢٢)، ولأنَّ مَبْنَى الزَّكاةِ على المُواساةِ، وتَكْلِيفُ الصَّحِيحَةِ عن المِرَاضِ إخْلَالٌ بِالمُوَاساةِ، ولهذا يَأْخُذُ من الرَّدِىءِ مِن الحُبُوبِ والثِّمَارِ من جِنْسِه، ويأْخُذُ من اللِّئَامِ والهِزَالِ من المَوَاشِى من جِنْسِه، كذا هاهُنا. وقد ذَكَرْنَا
(١٩) فى م: "يتغير".(٢٠) فى م: "والاعتبار".(٢١) تقدم تخريجه فى ١/ ٢٧٥، وانظر حاشية صفحة ٥ المتقدمة.(٢٢) فى: باب فى زكاة السائمة، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٣٦٥.