The second report: He said concerning one who has one hundred sheep in different regions: The zakat collector should not take anything from them because separated property cannot be combined, and when the owner understands and knows this, he should pay it himself, placing it among the poor. This is narrated from al-Maymuni and Hanbal. This indicates that their zakat is obligatory despite the different regions, except that the collector does not take it because he does not find a full, gathered nisab and does not know the reality of the situation regarding them. As for the owner who knows that he possesses a full nisab, he must pay the zakat. This is the choice of Abu al-Khattab and the madhhab (school) of all the jurists. Malik said: The best I have heard regarding one who has livestock managed by two different shepherds in different regions is that this should be combined for the owner, and he should pay its zakat. This is the correct view, God willing, due to his (peace be upon him) saying: "In forty sheep, there is a sheep." Also, because it is one single property, it is similar to if it were in nearby regions, or if it were non-pasturing livestock. We interpret the statement of Ahmad in the first report to mean that the collector does not take it, but the owner pays it. According to this, he pays the mandatory amount in whichever of the two regions he wishes, as it is a place of need.
414 - Issue: He said: (And if they intermix in other than this, he takes from each of them individually, if that which belongs specifically to him is subject to zakat.)
The meaning of this is that if they intermix in things other than livestock, such as gold, silver, trade goods, crops, and fruits, their mixing does not have any effect, and their ruling is the ruling of separate individuals. This is the opinion of most scholars. There is another report from Ahmad that partnership in material assets (al-a'yan) has an effect in other than livestock.
(22) Its takhrij (authentication) was provided earlier on page 41. (23) In B: "al-Khiraqi". (24) Omitted from A, B, and M. (1) Omitted from the original. (2) In M: "al-sa'imah" (pasturing), which is a distortion.
والرِّوَايَةُ الثانيةُ، قال فى مَن له مائةُ شَاةٍ فى بُلْدَانٍ مُتَفَرِّقَةٍ: لا يَأْخُذُ المُصَدِّقُ منها شيئا؛ لأنَّه لا يُجْمَعُ بين مُتَفَرِّقٍ، وصَاحِبُها إذا ضَبَطَ ذَلِكَ وعَرَفهُ أخْرَجَ هو بِنَفْسِه، يَضَعُها فى الفُقَرَاءِ. رُوِىَ هذا عن المَيْمُونِىِّ وحَنْبَلٍ. وهذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّ زكَاتَها تَجِبُ مع اخْتِلافِ البُلْدَانِ، إلَّا أنَّ السَّاعِىَ لا يَأْخُذُها؛ لِكَوْنِه لا يَجِدُ نِصابًا كامِلًا مُجْتَمِعًا، ولا يَعْلَمُ حَقِيقَةَ الحالِ فيها، فأمَّا المَالِكُ العَالِمُ بمِلْكِه نِصابًا كَامِلًا، فعليه أدَاءُ الزكاةِ. وهذا اخْتِيَارُ أبى الخَطَّابِ، ومَذْهَبُ سائِرِ الفُقَهاءِ. قال مَالِكٌ: أحْسَنُ ما سَمِعْتُ فى مَن كان له غَنَمٌ على رَاعِيينِ مُتَفَرِّقَينِ بِبُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى، أنَّ ذلك يُجْمَعُ على صَاحِبِه، فَيُؤَدِّى صَدَقَتَه. وهذا هو الصَّحِيحُ، إن شاءَ اللَّه تعالى؛ لِقَوْلِه عليه السَّلامُ: "فى أرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ" (٢٢). ولأنَّه مِلْكٌ وَاحِدٌ أشْبَهَ ما لو كان فى بُلْدَانٍ مُتَقَارِبَةٍ، أو غير السَّائِمَة. ونَحْمِلُ كلامَ أحمدَ (٢٣)، فى الرِّوَايَةِ الأُولَى، على أنَّ المُصَدِّقَ لا يَأْخُذُها، وأما رَبُّ المالِ فيُخْرِجُ. فعلى هذا يُخْرِجُ الفَرْضَ فى أحَدِ البَلَدَيْنِ شاءَ (٢٤)، لأنَّه مَوْضِعُ حاجَةٍ.
٤١٤ - مسألة؛ قال: (وإِنِ اخْتَلَطُوا فِى غَيْرِ هذَا، أخَذَ مِنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ (١) عَلَى انْفِرَادِه، إذَا كَانَ ما يَخُصُّه تَجِبُ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ)
ومعناه أنَّهم إذا اخْتَلَطُوا فى غيرِ الماشِيَةِ (٢)، كالذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ وعُرُوضِ التِّجارَةِ والزُّرُوعِ والثِّمَارِ، لم تُؤثِّرْ خُلْطَتُهم شَيئا، وكان حُكْمُهم حُكْمَ المُنْفَرِدِينَ. وهذا قَوْلُ أكْثَر أهْلِ العِلْمِ. وعن أحمدَ رِوَايَةٌ أُخْرَى، أن شَرِكَةَ الأعْيَانِ تُؤثِّرُ فى غيرِ
(٢٢) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٤١.(٢٣) فى ب: "الخرقى".(٢٤) سقط من: أ، ب، م.(١) سقط من: الأصل.(٢) فى م: "السائمة" تحريف.