crops, there is no zakat upon them, unless a complete nisab (minimum threshold) comes into the possession of one of them, in which case it becomes obligatory upon him. Al-Khiraqi mentioned this in the chapter on Waqf (endowment). According to the other narration, if the output reaches a nisab, then zakat is due on it. And if the waqf is a nisab of pasturing livestock, it is possible that zakat is due from them because of their partnership in owning a nisab upon which mixing has an effect. It is appropriate that the zakat be taken from elsewhere, because in a waqf, it is not permissible to transfer ownership. It is also possible that zakat is not obligatory on it, due to the deficiency of ownership, and its completeness is considered in necessitating zakat, as evidenced by the wealth of a mukatab (contracted slave).
Section: There is no zakat on livestock other than cattle (bahimat al-an'am) according to the opinion of most scholars. Abu Hanifa said: There is zakat on horses if they are both males and females. If they are exclusively males or exclusively females, there are two narrations. Their zakat is one dinar for every horse, or a quarter of a tenth of their value; the choice in that belongs to the owner, whichever of the two he wishes he may pay out, because of what Jabir narrated, that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "On pasturing horses, there is one dinar for every horse." It was narrated from Umar that he used to take ten from the head, ten from the horse, and five from the pack mule (birdawn). And because it is an animal whose growth is sought through pasturing, it resembles cattle (al-na'am). Our argument is that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "There is no sadaqah (zakat) upon a Muslim for his horse or his slave." It is agreed upon. In another wording: "There is no sadaqah upon a man for his horse nor for his slave." From Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "I have exempted you from the sadaqah of horses and slaves."
(12) In A and B: "most of". (13) In A and M: "separate". (14) Narrated by al-Daraqutni in: The Chapter on the Zakat of Trade Assets and its exemption for horses and slaves, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan al-Daraqutni 2/126. And al-Bayhaqi in: The Chapter of those who hold the view that there is sadaqah on horses, from the Book of Zakat. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 4/119. (15) Meaning dirhams. (16) In the original: "wa-'an" (and from). (17) Narrated by al-Daraqutni in: The Chapter on the Zakat of Trade Assets and its exemption for horses and slaves, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan al-Daraqutni 2/126. (18) Recorded by al-Bukhari in: The Chapter: There is no sadaqah upon a Muslim for his horse, and the Chapter: There is no sadaqah upon a Muslim for his slave, = from the Book of Zakat. Sahih al-Bukhari 2/149. And Muslim in: The Chapter: No zakat upon a Muslim for his slave and his horse, from the Book of Zakat. Sahih Muslim 2/675, 676. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud in: The Chapter on the Sadaqah of Slaves, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/370. And al-Tirmidhi in: The Chapter of what was narrated: There is no sadaqah on horses and slaves, from the Chapters of Zakat. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 3/122. And al-Nasa'i in: The Chapter on the Zakat of Horses, and the Chapter on the Zakat of Slaves, from the Book of Zakat. Al-Mujtaba 5/25, 26. And Ibn Majah in: The Chapter on the Sadaqah of Horses and Slaves, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/579. And al-Darimi in: The Chapter on animals for which sadaqah is not obligatory, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan al-Darimi 1/384. And Imam Malik in: The Chapter of what was narrated regarding the sadaqah of slaves, horses, and honey, from the Book of Zakat. Al-Muwatta' 1/277. And Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 2/242, 249, 254, 297, 407, 410, 469, 470, 477.
زَرْعٌ، فلا زكاةَ عليهم، إلَّا أن يَحْصُلَ فى يَدِ بَعْضِهِم نِصَابٌ كَامِلٌ، فيَجِبُ عليه، وقد ذَكَرَ الخِرَقِىُّ هذا فى بابِ الوَقْفِ. وعلى الرِّوَايَةِ الأُخْرَى، إذا كان الخَارِجُ نِصَابًا، ففيه الزَّكَاةُ، وإن كان الوَقْفُ نِصَابًا من السَّائِمَةِ، فيَحْتَمِلُ أنَّ عليهم الزكاةَ؛ لاشْتِرَاكِهِم فى مِلْكِ نِصَابٍ تُؤَثِّرُ الخُلْطَةُ فيه، ويَنْبَغِى أن تُخْرَجَ الزَّكَاةُ من غَيْرِه؛ لأنَّ الوَقْفَ لا يَجُوزُ نَقْلُ المِلْكِ فيه. ويَحْتَمِلُ أنْ لا تَجِبَ الزَّكَاةُ فيه؛ لِنَقْصِ المِلْكِ فيه، وكَمَالُه مُعْتَبَرٌ فى إيجَابِ الزَّكَاةِ، بِدَلِيلِ مالِ المُكاتَبِ.
فصل: ولا زكاةَ فى غيرِ بَهِيمَةِ الأنْعامِ من المَاشِيَةِ، فى قَوْلِ أكْثَرِ (١٢) أهْلِ العِلْمِ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: فى الخَيْلِ الزَّكَاةُ، إذا كانت ذُكُورًا وإنَاثًا، وإن كَانت ذُكُورًا مُفْرَدَةً، أو إناثًا مُفْرَدَةً (١٣)، ففيها رِوَايَتَانِ، وزَكَاتُها دِينَارٌ عن كلِّ فَرَسٍ، أو رُبْعُ عُشْرِ قِيمَتِها، والخِيَرَةُ فى ذلك إلى صَاحِبِها، أَيَّهما شَاءَ أخْرَجَ؛ لما رَوَى جَابِرٌ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قال: "فى الخَيْلِ السَّائِمَةِ، فى كُلِّ فَرَسٍ دِينَارٌ" (١٤). وَرُوِىَ عن عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَأْخُذُ من الرَّأْسِ عَشَرَةً (١٥)، ومن الفَرَسِ عَشَرَةً، ومن (١٦) البِرْذَوْنِ خَمْسَةً. (١٧) ولأنَّه حَيَوانٌ يُطْلَبُ نَمَاؤُه من جِهَةِ السَّوْمِ، أشْبَه النَّعَمَ. ولَنا، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قال: "لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ فِى فَرَسِه وغُلَامِهِ صَدَقَةٌ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (١٨). وفى لَفْظٍ: "لَيْسَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فِى فَرَسِه ولَا فِى عَبْدِه صَدَقَةٌ" (١٨). وعن علىٍّ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه، أنَّ النبىَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قال: "عَفَوْتُ لَكُمْ
(١٢) فى أ، ب: "الأكثر من".(١٣) فى أ، م: "متفرقة".(١٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى، فى: باب زكاة مال التجارة وسقوطها عن الخيل والرقيق، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٢٦. والبيهقى، فى: باب من رأى فى الخيل صدقة، من كتاب الزكاة. السنن الكبرى ٤/ ١١٩.(١٥) أى دراهم.(١٦) فى الأصل: "وعن".(١٧) رواه الدارقطنى، فى: باب زكاة مال التجارة وسقوطها عن الخيل والرقيق، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٢٦.(١٨) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب ليس على المسلم فى فرسه صدقة، وباب ليس على المسلم فى عبده صدقة، =
