of the following day. This is the opinion of Abu Hanifah and Ishaq. Al-Shafi'i, Muhammad ibn al-Mundhir, and Ya'qub said: One may throw at night, due to the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Throw, and there is no harm." Our evidence is that Ibn 'Umar said: "Whoever misses the throwing until the sun sets should not throw until the sun passes its zenith the following day." The statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), "Throw, and there is no harm," occurred during the daytime, for he asked him on the Day of Sacrifice, and the "day" only refers to the time before sunset. Malik said: One may throw at night, but a blood sacrifice (dam) is incumbent upon him. Once he said: No blood sacrifice is incumbent upon him.

Section: The throwing is not valid unless the pebbles land in the throwing area (marma). If they land short of it, it is not valid. [This is also the opinion of the Ashab al-Ra'y (the school of opinion), and we know of no disagreement regarding this. Likewise, if he places them in the throwing area with his hand, it is not valid] (27) according to all of them, because he was commanded to throw, and he did not throw. If he tosses them, it is valid, because that is called throwing. This is the opinion of the Ashab al-Ra'y. Ibn al-Qasim said: It is not valid. If he threw a pebble and it fell outside the area but struck another pebble, which then fell into the area, it is not valid, because the one he threw did not fall into the area. If he threw a pebble and a bird snatched it before it reached the target, it is not valid, because it did not fall into the area. If it fell on a hard surface outside the area and then rolled into (28) the area, or if it landed on a person's garment and then flew off and fell into the area, it is valid, because its arrival was due to his action. If that person shook it off his garment and it fell into the area, there is a report from Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, that it is valid, because he was the sole initiator of the throw. Ibn 'Aqil said: It is not valid, because its arrival into the area was through the action of the second party, which is similar to if he had taken it with his hand and thrown it. If he threw a pebble and doubted whether or not it fell into the area, it is not valid, because the original state is the persistence of the obligation of the throwing, so it is not discharged by doubt. However, if the outward appearance (zahir) suggests that it fell into the area, it is valid, because the outward appearance is a proof. If he threw the pebbles (29) all at once, it is only valid for one. Ahmad stated this clearly, and it is the opinion of...