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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 5 · Page 35Section

Translation · EN

She has no choice but to return. This is because she would necessarily have to travel without a mahram, so proceeding to complete her Hajj is preferable. However, if her Hajj is a voluntary one and it is possible for her to reside in a town, then that is better than her traveling without a mahram.

Section: A man does not have the right to prevent his wife from performing the obligatory Hajj of Islam. This was the view of al-Nakha'i, Ishaq, Abu Thawr, and the scholars of opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y), and it is the correct of the two views of al-Shafi'i. There is another view for him that he may prevent her from it, based on the principle that the obligation of Hajj is one of latitude (not requiring immediate performance). Our argument is that it is an obligatory act, so he cannot prevent her from it, just like the fasting of Ramadan and the five daily prayers. It is recommended that she seek his permission for that, as Ahmad explicitly stated. If he grants permission, she goes; otherwise, she may leave without his permission. As for voluntary Hajj, he has the right to prevent her from it. Ibn al-Mundhir said: All the scholars I have memorized from are in agreement that he has the right to prevent her from leaving for a voluntary Hajj. This is because the right of the husband is mandatory, and she has no right to cause him to lose it for something that is not mandatory, similar to a master with his slave. He does not have the right to prevent her from a vowed Hajj, because it is obligatory upon her, making it similar to the Hajj of Islam.

Section: She shall not depart for Hajj during her mourning period ('idda of death). Ahmad stated this explicitly. He said: She may depart for it during the waiting period of an irrevocable divorce. This is because the requirement to remain in the home and spend the night there is mandatory during the mourning period, and it takes precedence over Hajj because the former expires, whereas an irrevocable divorce does not mandate such a requirement. As for the waiting period of a revocable divorce, the woman remains in the status of being in an established marriage, because she is still a wife. If she leaves for Hajj and her husband dies while she is near, she must return to observe her mourning period in her home; if she has traveled far, she continues on her journey. Al-Khiraqi mentioned this in another place.

Notes

(17) The word "la" (no) was omitted from the Original and A. (18) In B and M: "qawl" (view). (19) Omitted from A. (20) In B and M: "talab" (seeking).

Arabic (Source)

لا (١٧) بُدَّ لها من أن تَرْجِعَ. وهذا لأنَّها لا بُدَّ لها من السَّفَرِ بغيرِ مَحْرَمٍ، فَمُضِيُّها إلى قَضَاءِ حَجِّها أَوْلَى. لكنْ إن كان حَجُّها تَطَوُّعًا، وأمْكَنَها الإِقَامَةُ فى بَلَدٍ، فهو أوْلَى من سَفَرِها بغيرِ مَحْرَمٍ.

فصل: وليس لِلرَّجُلِ مَنْعُ امْرَأتِه من حَجَّةِ الإسْلامِ. وبهذا قال النَّخَعِىُّ، وإسحاقُ، وأبو ثَوْرٍ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْىِ، وهو الصَّحِيحُ من قَوْلَىِ (١٨) الشَّافِعِىِّ. وله قَوْلٌ آخَرُ، له مَنْعُها منه. بنَاءً على أن الحَجَّ على التَّرَاخِى. ولَنا، أنَّه فَرْضٌ، فلم يكنْ له مَنْعُها منه، كصوْمِ رمضانَ، والصَّلَوَاتِ الخَمْسِ. ويُسْتَحَبُّ أن تَسْتَأْذِنَه فى ذلك. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ. فإنْ أذِنَ، وإلَّا خَرَجَت بغيرِ إذْنِه. فأمَّا حَجُّ التَّطَوُّعِ، فله مَنْعُها منه. قال ابنُ المُنْذِرِ: أجْمَعَ كلُّ مَن أحْفَظُ عنه من أهْلِ العِلْمِ أنَّ له مَنْعَها من الخُرُوجِ إلى الحَجِّ التَّطَوُّعِ. وذلك لأنَّ حَقَّ الزَّوْجِ وَاجِبٌ، فليس لها تَفْوِيتُه بما ليس بوَاجِبٍ، كالسَّيِّدِ مع عَبْدِه. وليس له مَنْعُها من الحَجِّ المَنْذُورِ؛ لأنَّه واجِبٌ عليها، أشْبَه حَجَّةَ الإِسلامِ.

فصل: ولا تَخْرُجُ إلى الحَجِّ فى عِدَّةِ الوَفاةِ. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ. قال: ولها أن تَخْرُجَ إليه فى عِدَّةِ الطَّلَاقِ المَبْتُوتِ. وذلك لأنَّ لُزُومَ المَنْزِلِ، والمَبِيتَ فيه (١٩)، واجِبٌ فى عِدَّةِ الوَفاةِ، وقُدِّمَ على الحَجِّ، لأنَّه يَفُوتُ، والطَّلَاقُ المَبْتُوتُ لا يَجِبُ فيه ذلك. وأمَّا عِدَّةُ الرَّجْعِيَّة، فالْمَرْأَةُ فيه بمَنْزِلَتِها فى صُلْبِ (٢٠) النِّكَاحِ، لأنَّها زَوْجَةٌ. وإذا خَرَجَتْ لِلْحَجِّ، فَتُوُفِّىَ زَوْجُها، وهى قَرِيبَةٌ، رَجَعَتْ لِتَعْتَدَّ فى مَنْزِلِها، وإن تَبَاعَدَتْ، مَضَتْ فى سَفَرِها. ذَكَرَهُ الخِرَقِىُّ فى مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ.

Notes

(١٧) سقطت "لا" من: الأصل، أ.(١٨) فى ب، م: "قول".(١٩) سقط من: أ.(٢٠) فى ب، م: "طلب".

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