it was fasting, each one fasts a complete fast, and if it is otherwise, then there is one penalty. If one of them provides an offering (hady) and the other fasts, the one providing the offering is responsible for his share, and the other is responsible for a complete fast; because the penalty is not an expiation (kaffarah), but rather a replacement (badal), as evidenced by the fact that Allah Almighty connected the expiation to it, for Allah Almighty said: {then a penalty, equivalent to what he killed, of the livestock}. Fasting is an expiation, so it is possible [to analogize it] to the expiation for killing a human being. Our argument is the statement of Allah Almighty: {then a penalty, equivalent to what he killed, of the livestock}. The group has indeed killed a piece of game, so they are obligated to provide its equivalent, and anything in excess is outside the [definition of] equivalent, so it is not mandatory. Once it is established that the penalty is to be provided in the form of an offering, it must be provided in the form of fasting [as well], because Allah Almighty said: {or an equivalent of that in fasting}. There is consensus that it is equated by value, either the value of the destroyed item or the value of its equivalent; thus, obligating more than the equivalent value is contrary to the text. Furthermore, it is narrated from those we named among the Companions that they spoke according to our school of thought. Also, because it is a penalty for a killed creature that varies according to its variance, it is therefore one [penalty], like blood money (diyah), or as if the killer were one, or it is a replacement for the location, so it is unified by its unity, like the blood money. As for the expiation for [killing] a human being, we have a rebuttal for that; it does not break down into parts, nor does it vary according to its variance, so it does not divide among the group, unlike our issue.
Section: If the muhrim’s (pilgrim in ihram) partner is a non-muhrim (halal) or a beast of prey, there is nothing upon the non-muhrim, and the judgment is directed at the muhrim. Then, if one of them wounds it before his companion, and the one who precedes is the non-muhrim or
(3) In B and M: "hady" (offering). (4) In B and M: "sawm" (fasting). (5) Surah al-Ma'idah: 95. (6) Omitted from B and M. In the original: "fa-kumila". (7) In A, B, and M: "fa-yalzamuhum". (8) In B and M: "al-diyah". (9) In A, B, and M: "yata'abbaḍ" (it is divisible). (10) In A, B, and M: "fa-idha".
صَوْمًا صامَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ صَوْمًا تَامًّا، وإن كان غيرَ ذلك فجَزَاءٌ وَاحِدٌ، وإن كان أحَدُهما يُهْدِى (٣) والآخَرُ يَصُومُ (٤)، فعلى المُهْدِى بِحِصَّتِه، وعلى الآخَرِ صَوْمٌ تَامٌّ؛ لأنَّ الجَزاءَ ليس بِكَفَّارَةٍ، وإنَّما هو بَدَلٌ، بِدَلِيلِ أنَّ اللهَ تعالى عَطَفَ عليه الكَفَّارةَ، فقالَ اللهُ تعالى: {فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ} (٥). والصَّوْمُ كَفَّارَةٌ، فيَحْتَمِلُ (٦) ككَفَّارَةِ قَتْلِ الآدَمِىِّ. ولَنا، قَوْلُ اللهِ تعالى: {فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ}. والجَمَاعَةُ قد قَتَلُوا صَيْدًا، فلَزِمَهُم (٧) مِثْلُه، والزَّائِدُ خارِجٌ عن المِثْلِ، فلا يَجِبُ، ومتى ثَبَتَ اتِّخَاذُ الجزاءِ في الهَدْىِ، وَجَبَ اتِّخَاذُه في الصِّيَامِ؛ لأنَّ اللهَ تعالى قال: {أَوْ عَدْلُ ذَلِكَ صِيَامًا}. والاتِّفَاقُ حَاصِلٌ أنَّه مَعْدُولٌ بِالْقِيمَةِ، إمَّا قِيمَةُ المُتْلَفِ، وإمَّا قِيمَةُ مِثْلِه، فإِيجَابُ الزَّائِدِ على عَدْلِ القِيمَةِ خِلافُ النَّصِّ، وأيضا ما رُوِىَ عَمَّنْ سَمَّيْنا من الصَّحابَةِ أنَّهم قالوا كمَذْهَبِنا، ولأنَّه جَزَاءٌ عن مَقْتُولٍ يَخْتَلِفُ بِاخْتِلَافِه، فكان وَاحِدًا، كالدِّيَةِ، أو كما لو كان القَاتِلُ وَاحِدًا، أو بَدَلَ المحلِّ، فاتَّحَدَتْ باتِّحَادِه كالدِّيَةِ (٨)، وكَفَّارَةُ الآدَمِيِّ لنا فيها مَنْعٌ، ولا يَنْتَقِضُ (٩) في أبْعاضِه، ولا يَخْتَلِفُ بِاخْتِلافِه، فلا يَتَبَعَّضُ على الجماعةِ، بِخِلافِ مَسْألَتِنا.
فصل: فإنْ (١٠) كان شَرِيكَ المُحْرِمِ حَلالًا أو سَبُعًا، فلا شىءَ على الحَلالِ، ويُحْكَمُ على الحَرامِ. ثم إنْ كان جَرْحُ أحَدِهِما قبلَ صَاحِبِه، والسَّابِقُ الحَلالُ أو
(٣) في ب، م: "هدى".(٤) في ب، م: "صوم".(٥) سورة المائدة ٩٥.(٦) سقط من: ب، م. وفي الأصل: "فكمل".(٧) في أ، ب، م: "فيلزمهم".(٨) في ب، م: "الدية".(٩) في أ، ب، م: "يتبعض".(١٠) في أ، ب، م: "فإذا".