because it is not permissible for him to establish his physical possession over game. This is the opinion of al-Shafi'i and the scholars of reason (Ahl al-Ra'y). A muhrim does not take back game that he sold while he was halal (not in ihram) due to a right of option or a defect in its price or otherwise, because that would be an initiation of ownership over game, which is forbidden to him. If the purchaser returns it to him due to a defect or an option, he may do so, because the cause for the return is verified; then, it does not enter into the muhrim's ownership, and he is obligated to release it.
Section: If a muhrim inherits game, he owns it, because ownership by inheritance is not an act on his part; rather, it enters his ownership by rule of law, whether he chooses it or dislikes it. For this reason, it enters the ownership of a minor and the insane, and a Muslim inherits it into the ownership of a disbeliever; thus, it runs according to the ruling of continuation. It is possible that he does not own it thereby, because it is a means of acquisition, so it resembles a sale and others. According to this, he is more entitled to it without the establishment of ownership over it, and once he exits ihram, he owns it.
690- Issue; He said: "Whoever does not stand at Arafat until the dawn of the Day of Sacrifice rises has nullified his Hajj with an 'Umrah, must slaughter if he has a sacrificial animal with him, must perform Hajj the following year, and must offer a blood sacrifice."
The discussion on this issue is in four sections: The first is that the final time for the standing (wuquf) is the end of the night of the Day of Sacrifice. So whoever does not catch the standing until the dawn of that day rises has missed the Hajj; we know of no disagreement regarding this. Jabir said: "Hajj is not missed until the dawn rises on the night of Jam' (Muzdalifah)." Abu al-Zubayr said: I said to him, "Did the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) say that?" He said, "Yes." Al-Athram narrated it with his chain of narration. The saying of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "Hajj is Arafat; whoever comes before the dawn prayer of the night of Jam', his Hajj is complete," indicates its missing upon the passing of the night of Jam'. Ibn Umar narrated...
(18) In B and M: "possession". (19) In A, B, and M: "option" (mukhtar). (20) In the original: "is verified" (yatahaqqaq). (1) An addition required by the meaning. (2) Its authentication was previously mentioned on page 274. (3) Its authentication was previously mentioned on page 268.
له؛ لأنَّه لا يجوزُ له إثْباتُ يَدِهِ (١٨) المُشاهَدَةِ على الصَّيْدِ. وهذا قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِىِّ، وأصْحابِ الرَّأْىِ. ولا يَسْتَرِدُّ المُحْرِمُ الصَّيْدَ الذى باعَه وهو حلالٌ بِخِيَارٍ (١٩)، ولا عَيْبٍ فى ثَمَنِه، ولا غَيْرهما؛ لأنَّه ابْتِداءُ مِلْكٍ على الصَّيْدِ، وهو مَمْنُوعٌ منه. وإن رَدَّهُ المُشْتَرِى عليه بِعَيْبٍ أو خِيَارٍ، فله ذلك؛ لأنَّ سَبَبَ الرَّدِّ مُتَحَقِّقٌ (٢٠)، ثم لا يَدْخُلُ فى مِلْكِ المُحْرِمِ، ويَلْزَمُهُ إرْسالُهُ.
فصل: وإن وَرِثَ المُحْرِمُ صَيْدًا مَلَكَهُ؛ لأنَّ المِلْكَ بالإرْثِ ليس بِفِعْلٍ من جِهَتِه، وإنَّما يَدْخُلُ فى مِلْكِهِ حُكْمًا، اخْتارَ ذلك أو كَرِهَه؛ ولهذا يَدْخُلُ فى مِلْكِ الصَّبِىِّ والمَجْنُونِ، فيدخلُ به المُسْلِمُ فى مِلْكِ الكافِرِ، فجَرَى مَجْرَى الاسْتِدامَةِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن لا يَمْلِكَ به؛ لأنَّه من جِهاتِ التَّمَلُّكِ، فأشْبَهَ البَيْعَ وغيرَه، فعلى هذا يكونُ أحَقَّ به من غيرِ ثُبُوتِ مِلْكِه عليه، فإذا حَلَّ مَلَكَهُ.
٦٩٠ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَمَنْ لَمْ يَقِفْ بِعَرَفَةَ حَتَّى طَلَعَ الفَجْرُ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، تَحَلَّلَ بِعُمْرَةٍ وذَبَحَ، إنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْىٌ، وحَجَّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ، وأَتَى بِدَمٍ)
الكلامُ فى هذه المسألةِ فى أرْبَعةِ فُصولٍ: الأوَّل، أنَّ آخِرَ وَقْتِ الوُقُوفِ آخِرُ لَيلةِ النَّحْرِ، فمَن [لم] (١) يُدْرِكِ الوُقُوفَ حتى طَلَعَ الفجرُ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَاتَهُ الحَجُّ. لا نَعْلَمُ فيه خِلافًا. قال جابِرٌ: لا يَفُوتُ الحَجُّ حتى يَطْلُعَ الفَجْرُ من لَيْلَةِ جَمْعٍ. قال أبو الزُّبَيْرِ، فقلتُ له: أقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- ذلك؟ قال: نعم. رَوَاهُ الأثْرَمُ بإسْنَادِهِ (٢). وقَولُ النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "الحَجُّ عَرَفَةُ، فَمَنْ جاءَ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الفَجْرِ لَيْلَةَ جَمْعٍ، فَقَدْ تَمَّ حَجُّهُ" (٣). يَدُلُّ على فَوَاتِه بِخُرُوجِ لَيْلَةِ جَمْعٍ. ورَوى ابنُ عمرَ
(١٨) فى ب، م: "يد".(١٩) فى أ، ب، م: "مختار".(٢٠) فى الأصل: "يتحقق".(١) زيادة يقتضيها المعنى.(٢) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٢٧٤.(٣) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٢٦٨.