and walked, and if it was large, one of them ascended to its highest point, and the other descended to its lowest. This is the entire school of Shafi'i. If the buyer is the seller, such as if he buys for himself from the property of his child, or buys for his child from his own property, the option of the session (khiyar al-majlis) is not established for him because he exercised both sides of the contract, so no option is established for him, like the one entitled to pre-emption (shafi'). It is possible that it is established for him, and the separation from the session of the contract is considered for its bindingness, because separation is not possible here since the seller is the buyer; and whenever separation occurs, the contract becomes binding, whether they intended that or not, and whether they knew it or were ignorant of it; for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) linked the option to separation, and it has occurred. If one of them flees from his companion, the contract becomes binding because he separated from him by his own choice, and the binding nature of the contract does not depend on their mutual consent; for this reason, Ibn Umar would separate from his companion so that the sale would become binding. If they stay in the session and hang a curtain between them, or build a barrier between them, or sleep, or stand up and move along together without separating, then the option remains as it is, even if the period is long, due to the lack of separation. Abu Dawud and al-Athram narrated with their chain of narration from Abu al-Wadi', who said: We went on an expedition of ours and stopped at a location, and a companion of ours sold a horse for a slave. Then they stayed the rest of their day and their night. When they woke up the next morning and it was time to depart, he stood up to his horse to saddle it, then he regretted it. He came to the man and took him to task regarding the sale, but the man refused to give it back to him. He said: "Between you and me is Abu Barzah, the companion of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)." So they came to Abu Barzah in a corner of the camp and told him the story. He said: "Are you both satisfied that I judge between you with the judgment of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 'The two parties to a sale have the option as long as they have not separated.' I do not see that you two have separated." If one of them separates from the other under compulsion, it is possible that the option is voided, due to the attainment of its limit, which is separation, and because his consent is not considered in his companion's separation from him.
(8) Recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on the Option of the Two Parties to a Sale, from the Book of Sales. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/245. See what preceded in the documentation of the hadith: "The two parties to a sale have the option as long as they have not separated" on page 6. (9) In the manuscripts: "Abi al-Radi". An alteration. (10) In [M]: "al-mu'askar" (the camp).
ومَشَى، وإنْ كانتْ كَبِيرَةً صَعِدَ أحَدُهما على أعْلاها، ونَزَلَ الآخَرُ فى أسْفَلِها. وهذا كُلّه مَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ. فإنْ كان المُشْتَرِى هو البَائِعَ، مثلُ أنْ يَشْتَرِىَ لِنَفْسِه من مَالِ وَلَدهِ، أو اشْتَرَى لِوَلَدِه من مَالِ نَفْسِه، لم يَثْبُتْ فيه خِيَارُ المَجلِسِ؛ لأنَّه تَوَلَّى طَرَفَىِ العَقْدِ، فلم يَثْبُتْ له خِيَارٌ، كَالشَّفِيعِ، ويَحْتَمِلُ أنْ يَثْبُتَ فيه، ويُعْتَبَرَ مُفَارَقَة مَجْلِسِ العَقْدِ لِلُزُومِهِ؛ لأنَّ الافْتِرَاقَ لا يُمْكِنُ هَاهُنَا، لِكَوْنِ البَائِعِ هو المُشْتَرِى، ومَتَى حَصَلَ التَّفَرُّقُ لَزِمَ العَقْدُ، قَصَدَا ذلك أو لم يَقْصِدَاهُ، عَلِمَاهُ أو جَهِلَاهُ؛ لأنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- عَلَّقَ الخِيارَ على التَّفَرُّقِ، وقد وُجِدَ. ولو هَرَبَ أحَدُهما من صَاحِبِه، لَزِمَ العَقْدُ؛ لأنَّه فَارَقَهُ بِاخْتِيَارِهِ، ولا يَقِفُ لُزُومُ العَقْدِ على رِضَاهما، ولهذا كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يُفَارِقُ صَاحِبَه لِيَلْزَمَ البَيْعُ. ولو أقَامَا فى المَجْلِسِ، وسَدَلَا بينهما سِتْرًا، أو بَنَيَا بينهما حَاجِزًا، أو نَامَا، أو قَامَا فَمَضَيَا جَمِيعًا ولم يَتَفَرَّقَا، فَالخِيَارُ بحَالِه، وإن طَالَتِ المُدَّةُ لِعَدَمِ التَّفَرُّقِ. ورَوَى أبُو دَاوُدَ (٨)، والأثْرَمُ، بإسْنَادِهِمَا عن أبى الوَضِىءِ (٩)، قال: غَزَوْنَا غَزوَةً لنا، فنَزَلْنَا مَنْزِلًا، فبَاعَ صَاحِبٌ لنا فَرَسًا بِغُلَامٍ، ثم أقَامَا بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِمَا ولَيْلَتِهِما، فلمَّا أصْبَحَا من الغَدِ، وحَضَرَ الرَّحِيلُ، قَامَ إلى فَرَسِه يُسْرِجُهُ، فَنَدِمَ، فأَتَى الرَّجُلَ، وأخَذَهُ بِالبَيْعِ، فأبَى الرَّجُلُ أنْ يَدْفَعَهُ إليه، فقال: بَيْنِى وبَيْنَكَ أبو بَرْزَةَ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-. فأَتَيَا أبَا بَرْزَة فى نَاحِيَةِ العَسْكَرِ (١٠)، فقَالَا له هذه القِصَّة. فقال: أتَرْضَيانِ أن أقْضِىَ بَيْنَكُما بِقَضاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-؟ قال رَسُولُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "البَيِّعَانِ بِالخِيَارِ ما لم يَتَفَرَّقَا". ما أَرَاكُما افْتَرَقْتُما. فإنْ فَارَقَ أحَدُهما الآخَرَ مُكْرَهًا، احْتَمَلَ بُطْلَانُ الخِيَارِ؛ لوُجُودِ غَايَتِه، وهو التَّفَرُّقُ، ولأنَّه لا يُعْتَبَرُ رِضَاهُ فى مُفَارَقَةِ صَاحِبِه له،
(٨) أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى خيار المتبايعين، من كتاب البيوع. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٢٤٥. وانظر ما تقدم فى تخريج حديث: "البيعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا" صفحة ٦.(٩) فى النسخ: "أبى الرضى". تحريف.(١٠) فى م: "المعسكر".