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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 6 · Page 143Section

Translation · EN

Section: If he says: "I sold you this village," if there is a context in the wording—such as bargaining over its land, or mentioning the crops and plantings within it, or mentioning its boundaries, or offering a price that is only appropriate for it and its land—it enters into the sale. This is because the name may be applied to it along with its land, and the context directs to it and indicates it, so it is similar to if he had stated it explicitly. If there is no context directing to that, the sale encompasses the houses and the fortress surrounding them, for "village" is a name for that, and it is derived from gathering, because it gathers the people. It is the same whether he says "with its rights" or does not say it. As for the plantings between its buildings, their ruling is the ruling of plantings in land: if he says "with its rights," it enters, and if he does not say it, there are two views.

Section: If he sells him a house with its rights, the sale includes its land, its structure, and what is connected to it of its beneficial items, such as installed doors, buried jars, nailed shelves, driven pegs, the installed stone of a millstone, and similar things. It does not enter into the sale what is not of its beneficial items, such as treasure and buried stones; because those are deposited in it for the purpose of being removed, so it is similar to furniture and curtains. Nor does what was separated from it that is specific to its benefit enter, such as furniture, curtains, food, shelves placed on pegs without nailing, nor [does] a rope in the wall, a rope, a bucket, a pulley, a lock, and the millstone—if neither of them is installed—and jars placed without being plastered over, and the like; because it is separated from it and not specific to its benefit, so it is similar to clothing. As for that which is of its beneficial items but is separated from it, such as a key and the upper stone of a millstone when the lower one is installed, there are two potential views. One: it enters into the sale, because it is for its benefit, so it is similar to that which is installed in it. Second: it does not enter, because it is separated from it, so it is similar to the lower [stone] when it is not installed, and the lock, the bucket, and the like. The school of Al-Shafi'i regarding this is exactly like our school.

Notes

(20) Omitted from: M.

Arabic (Source)

فصل: وإن قال: بِعْتُكَ هذه القَرْيَةَ. فإن كانَتْ في اللَّفْظِ قَرِينَةٌ، مثلُ المُساوَمَةِ على أرْضِها، أو ذِكْرِ الزَّزعِ والغَرْسِ فيها، وذِكْرِ حُدُودِها، أو بَذْلِ ثَمَنٍ لا يَصْلُحُ إلَّا فيها وفى أَرْضِها، دَخَلَ في البَيْعِ؛ لأنَّ الاسْمَ يجوزُ أن يُطْلَقَ عليها مع أَرْضِها، والقَرِينَةُ صارِفَةٌ إليه ودالَّةٌ عليه، فأشْبَه ما لو صَرَّحَ به، وإن لم يكن قَرِينَةٌ تَصْرِفُ إلى ذلك، فَالبَيْعُ يَتَنَاوَلُ البُيُوتَ، والحِصْنَ الدَّائِرَ عليها، فإنَّ القَرْيَةَ اسْمٌ لذلك، وهو مَأْخُوذٌ من الجَمْعِ؛ لأنَّه يَجْمَعُ النَّاسَ، وسواءٌ قال: بِحُقُوقِها. أو لم يَقُلْ. وأمَّا الغِراسُ بين بُنْيانِها، فحُكْمُه حُكْمُ الغِراسِ في الأَرْضِ، إن قال: بِحُقُوقِها. دَخَلَ، وإن لم يَقُلْ، فعلى وَجْهَيْنِ.

فصل: وإن باعَهُ دارًا بِحُقُوقِهَا، تَناوَلَ البَيْعُ أرْضَها، وبناءَها، وما هو مُتَّصِلٌ بها، مِمَّا هو من مَصْلَحَتِها، كالأبْوابِ المَنْصُوبَةِ، والخَوابِى المَدْفُونَةِ، والرُّفُوفِ المُسَمَّرَةِ، والأوْتادِ المَغْرُوزَةِ، والحَجَرِ المَنْصُوبِ من الرَّحا، وأشْباهِ ذلك. ولا يَدْخُلُ في البَيْعِ ما ليس من مَصالِحِها، كالكَنْزِ، والأحْجارِ المَدْفُونَةِ؛ لأنَّ ذلك مُودَعٌ فيها لِلنَّقْلِ عنها، فأشْبَه الفَرْشَ، والسُّتُورَ، ولا ما كان مُنْفَصِلًا عنها يَخْتَصُّ بِمَصْلَحَتِها، كالفَرْشِ، والسُّتُورِ، والطَّعامِ، والرُّفُوفِ المَوْضُوعَةِ على الأوْتادِ بغير تَسْمِيرٍ، ولا غَرْرٍ في الحائِطِ، والْحَبْلِ (٢٠)، والدَّلْوِ، والبَكَرَةِ، والقُفْلِ، وحَجَرِ الرَّحَى، إذا لم يكن واحدٌ منهما مَنْصُوبًا، والخَوابِى المَوْضُوعَةِ مِن غيرِ أن يُطَيَّنَ عليها، ونحوِه؛ لأنَّه مُنْفَصِلٌ عنها، لا يَخْتَصُّ بمَصْلَحَتِها، فأشْبَه الثِّيابَ. وأمَّا ما كان من مَصالِحِها، لكنَّه مُنْفَصِلٌ عنها، كالمِفْتاحِ، والحَجَرِ الفَوْقانِيِّ من الرَّحا إذا كان السُّفْلانِيُّ مَنْصُوبًا، فيَحْتَمِلُ وَجْهَيْنِ؛ أحدهما، يَدْخُلُ في البَيْعِ؛ لأنَّه لِمَصْلَحَتِها، فأشْبَه المَنْصُوبَ فيها. والثانى، لا يَدْخُلُ؛ لأنَّه مُنْفَصِلٌ عنها، فأشْبَه السُّفْلانِيَّ إذا لم يكُنْ مَنْصُوبًا، والقُفْلَ، والدَّلْوَ، ونحوَهما. ومَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ في هذا كمذهبِنا سواءً.

Notes

(٢٠) سقط من: م.

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