its suitability has appeared. If some of its grain hardens, it is permissible to sell all that is in the garden of that type, like a tree when the suitability has appeared in some of it.
Section: The Qadi mentioned in [the section on] settlement, saying: "If one confesses to a man regarding a crop and then settles with him for it with compensation, it is valid in what would be valid in a sale, and void in what would be void in it." If two men claim a crop that is in the possession of another, and he affirms it for them, the crop is divided between them in halves. If one of them settles his right to it [the crop] before its grain hardens, it is not permissible, regardless of whether he stipulated cutting [it] or left it absolute, because if he left it absolute, it is void due to the prohibition against the sale of al-mukhadara (the sale of fruits or crops before their suitability appears). If he stipulated cutting, it is not possible for him to cut his share except by cutting the entire crop. If the land belongs to the one who made the affirmation, it is possible that it is valid, and it is possible that it is not valid, based on the two views regarding when one buys a green crop in land owned by him. If the land belongs to a man and the crop to another, and one of them says: "Settle with me for half of my land for half of your crop," such that the crop and the land are shared between us in halves: if it is after the hardening of its grain, it is permissible because its sale is permitted. If it is before that, is it permissible? There are two views, based on the sale of a crop to the owner of the land, because he is selling half of the crop to the owner of the land and buying from him half of the land in which he has the crop. If they stipulate in the sale that they shall cut the entire crop and deliver the land empty, there are two views regarding it also; one of them is that it is valid due to their stipulation to cut all the crop and clear the land of it. It is also possible that it is void because the owner of the land sold him half of the land on the condition of cutting another's crop so that he could deliver his land to him. If we say it is valid, the fulfillment of the condition is not obligatory, because each one of them ended up with his crop in his own land, so he is not obligated to cut it.
Section: If a man buys half of the fruit before its suitability appears, or half of a crop
(13) In the original manuscript: "dhakarahu" (mentioned it). (14) Omitted from [M]. (15) Sale of al-mukhadara: The sale of fruits before their suitability appears while they are still green, and that is forbidden. Al-Lisan (Kh-D-R).
صَلاحُها. وإذا اشْتَدَّ شىءٌ من حَبِّه، جاز بَيْعُ جَمِيعِ ما في البُسْتانِ من نَوْعِه، كالشَّجَرَةِ إذا بَدا الصَّلاحُ في شىءٍ منها.
فصل: ذكر (١٣) القاضِى في الصُّلْحِ قال: وإذا اعْتَرَفَ لِرَجُلٍ بِزَرْعٍ ثم صالَحَهُ منه بِعِوَضٍ، صَحَّ فيما يَصِحُّ في البَيْعِ، وبَطَلَ فيما يَبْطُلُ فيه. ولو ادَّعَى اثْنَانِ زَرْعًا في يَدِ آخَرَ، فأقَرَّ لهما به، فالزَّرْعُ بينهما نِصْفانِ، فإن صالَحَ (١٤) أحَدُهما عن حَقِّه منه قبل اشْتِدادِ حَبِّه، لم يَجُزْ، سَواءٌ شَرَطَ القَطْعَ، أو أطْلَقَ؛ لأنَّه إن أطْلَقَ بَطَلَ، لِلنَّهْىِ عن بَيْعِ المُخاضَرَةِ (١٥)، وإن شَرَطَ القَطْعَ لم يُمْكِنه قَطْعُ نَصِيبِه إلَّا بِقَطْعِ الزَّرْعِ كلِّه. وإن كانتِ الأرْضُ لِلْمُقِرِّ، احتَمَلَ أن يَصِحَّ، واحْتَمَلَ أنْ لا يَصِحَّ، بِناءً على الوَجْهَيْنِ فيما إذا اشْتَرَى زَرْعًا أخضرَ في أرْضٍ مَمْلُوكَةٍ له، ولو كانتِ الأرْضُ لِرَجُلٍ، والزَّرْعُ لآخَرَ، فقال أحَدُهما: صالِحْنِى من نِصْفِ أرْضِى على نِصْفِ زَرْعِكَ، فيكون الزَّرْعُ والأرْضُ بيْننا نِصْفَيْنِ. فإن كان بعد اشْتِدادِ حَبِّه جازَ؛ لأنَّه يجوزُ بَيْعُه، وإن كان قبلَ ذلك، فهل يَجوزُ؟ على وَجْهَيْنِ؛ بناءً على بَيْعِ الزَّرْعِ من مالِكِ الأرْضِ، وذلك لأنَّه يَبِيعُ نِصْفَ الزَّرْعِ لمالِكِ الأرْضِ، ويَشْتَرِى منه نِصْفَ الأرْضِ التى له فيها الزَّرْعُ، وإن شَرَطا في البَيْعِ أن يَقْطَعا الزَّرْعَ جَمِيعَه، ويُسَلِّمَ الأرْضَ فارِغَةً، ففيه وَجْهَانِ أيضًا؛ أحَدُهُما، يَصِحُّ؛ لاشْتِراطِهِما قَطْعَ كلِّ الزَّرْعِ وتَفْرِيغَ الأرْضِ منه، واحتَمَلَ أن يَبْطُلَ؛ لأنَّ صاحِبَ الأرْضِ باعَهُ نِصْفَ الأرْضِ بِشَرْطِ قَطْعِ زَرْعِ غيره؛ لِيُسَلِّمَ إليه أرْضَهُ. وإن قُلْنا: يَصِحُّ. لم يَلْزَمِ الوَفاءُ بالشَّرْطِ؛ لأنَّ كلَّ واحدٍ منهما حَصَلَ زَرْعُهُ في أرْضِه، فلم يَلْزَمْهُ قَطْعُه.
فصل: وإذا اشْتَرَى رَجُلٌ نِصْفَ الثَّمرَةِ قبل بُدُوِّ صَلَاحِها، أو نِصْفَ الزَّرْعِ
(١٣) في الأصل: "ذكره".(١٤) سقط من: م.(١٥) بيع المخاضرة: بيع الثمار قبل أن يبدو صلاحها وهى خضر بعد، وذلك منهى عنه. اللسان (خ ض ر).
