and bequeathing it, and it inherits if it is among those eligible for inheritance, it is assigned a specific blood money (diya) payment, and its heirs inherit it. Their statement that the fetus has no legal status is invalid due to these rulings and others that we have mentioned elsewhere.
Section: If one of the two transacting parties disposes of the sold item during the option period in a manner that transfers the sold item, such as through sale, donation, endowment (waqf), or occupies it, such as through leasing, marriage, pledging, manumission (kitaba), or similar acts, his disposition is not valid, with the exception of emancipation (itq), whether it originates from the seller or the buyer. This is because the seller is disposing of property not his own, and the buyer is forfeiting the seller's right to the option and the retrieval of the sold item; therefore, his disposition of it is not valid, just like disposition in the case of a pledge, unless the option belongs solely to the buyer, in which case his disposition becomes effective, and his option is voided, because there is no right for anyone else in it, and the establishment of the option for him does not prevent his disposition of it, just as in the case of a defective item. Ahmad said: If he stipulates the option, then sells it before that for a profit, the profit belongs to the purchaser because it became binding upon him once he offered it. He means his option became void, and it became binding upon him. This, and God knows best, is in the case where he stipulated the option for himself alone. Likewise, if we say that the sale does not transfer ownership, and the option belonged to both of them or to the seller alone, and the seller disposed of it, his disposition is effective and valid; because he owns it and has the right to void the other's option. Ibn Abi Musa said: Regarding the buyer's disposition of the sold item before departing by sale or donation, there are two narrations: the first is that it is not valid because its validity would imply the forfeiture of the seller's right to the option; the second is that it is suspended, so if they depart before rescission, it becomes valid, and if the seller chooses rescission, the buyer's sale becomes void. Ahmad said in the narration of Abu Talib: If he buys a garment with a condition and sells it for a profit before the condition expires, he shall return it to its owner if he requests it; if he is unable to return it, the seller is entitled to the value of the garment, because he has consumed his garment, or he may reach a settlement with him. His statement "he returns it if he requests it" indicates that the obligation of returning it is conditional upon his request. Al-Bukhari (19) has narrated from Ibn Umar that he was
(18) In the original: "or it is voided". (19) In: Chapter on if he buys something and donates it at that moment before they have departed..., from the Book of Sales, and in: Chapter on how the slave takes possession of the goods, and Chapter on whoever is given a gift while his companions are with him, then he is more entitled to it..., and Chapter on if he gifts a camel to a man while he is riding it, it is valid, from the Book of Gifts. Sahih al-Bukhari 3/85, 209, 212, 213. (20) In the original: "the contract". (21) In [M]: "their statement".
والوَصِيَّةُ به، وله، ويَرِثُ إن كان من أهْلِ المِيراثِ، ويُفْرَدُ بِالدِّيَةِ، ويَرِثُها وَرَثَتُه. ولا يَصِحُّ قَوْلُهُمْ: إنَّه لا حُكْمَ لِلْحَمْلِ. لهذه الأحْكامِ وغيرِها ممَّا ذَكَرْناهُ فى غيرِ هذا المَوْضِعِ.
فصل: وإن تَصَرَّفَ أحَدُ المُتَبايِعَيْنِ فى مُدَّةِ الخِيارِ فى المَبيعِ تَصَرُّفًا يَنْقُلُ المَبِيعَ، كَالبَيْعِ، والهِبَةِ، والوَقْفِ، أو يَشْغَلُهُ، كالإجارَةِ، والتَّزْوِيجِ، والرَّهْنِ، والكِتابَةِ، ونَحْوِها، لم يَصِحَّ تَصَرُّفُه، إلَّا العِتْقُ، سواءٌ وُجِدَ من البائِعِ، أو المُشْتَرِى؛ لأنَّ البائِعَ تَصَرَّفَ فى غيرِ مِلْكِه، والمُشْتَرِى يُسْقِطُ حَقَّ البائِعِ من الخِيارِ، وَاسْتِرْجاعِ المَبيع، فلم يَصِحَّ تَصَرُّفُه فيه، كَالتَّصَرُّفِ فى الرَّهْنِ، إلَّا أن يَكونَ الخِيارُ لِلْمُشْتَرِى وَحْدَه، فَيَنْفُذُ تَصَرُّفُه، ويَبْطُلُ (١٨) خِيارُهُ؛ لأنَّه لا حَقَّ لِغَيْرِه فيه، وثُبُوتُ الخِيارِ له لا يَمْنَعُ تَصَرُّفَهُ فيه، كالمَعيبِ. قال أحمدُ: إذا اشْتَرَطَ الخِيارَ، فباعَه قبل ذلك بِرِبْح، فَالرِّبْحُ للمُبْتاعِ؛ لأنَّه قد وَجَبَ عليه حِينَ عَرَضَهُ. يعنى بَطَلَ خِيَارُهُ، ولَزِمَهُ. وهذا واللهُ أعْلَمُ فيما إذا شَرَطَ الخِيارَ له وَحْدَهُ، وكذلك إذا قلنا: إنَّ البَيْعَ لا يَنْقُلُ المِلْكَ، وكان الخِيَارُ لهما، أو للبائِعِ وَحْدَه، فَتَصرَّفَ فيه البائِعُ، نَفَذَ تَصَرُّفُه، وصَحَّ؛ لأنَّه مَلَكَهُ، وله إبْطالُ خِيارِ غَيْرِه، وقال ابنُ أبى موسى: فى تَصَرُّفِ المُشْتَرِى فى المَبيعِ قبلَ التَّفَرُّقِ بِبَيْعٍ أو هِبَةٍ روايَتانِ؛ إحداهما، لا يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّ فى صِحَّتِه إسْقاطَ حَقِّ البائِعِ من الخِيارِ. والثَّانية، هو مَوْقُوفٌ؛ فإن تَفرَّقَا قبل الفَسْخِ صَحَّ، وإن اختارَ البائِعُ الفَسْخَ بَطَلَ بَيْعُ المُشْتَرِى. قال أحْمَدُ فى رِوايَةِ أبى طالِبٍ: إذا اشْتَرَى ثَوْبًا بِشَرْطٍ، فباعَهُ بِرِبْحٍ قبل انْقِضاءِ الشَّرْطِ، يَرُدُّهُ إلى صاحِبِه إن طَلَبَه، فإن لم يَقْدِرْ على رَدِّه، فللبَائِعِ قِيمَةُ الثَّوْبِ؛ لأنَّه اسْتَهْلَكَ ثَوْبَهُ، أو يُصالِحُه. فقوله: يَرُدُّه إن طَلَبَه. يَدُلُّ على أنَّ وُجوبَ رَدِّهِ مَشْروطٌ بِطَلَبِه. وقد رَوَى البُخَارِىُّ (١٩)، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان
(١٨) فى الأصل: "أو يبطل".(١٩) فى: باب إذا اشترى شيئا فوهب من ساعته فبل أن يتفرقا. . .، من كتاب البيوع، وفى: باب كيف=