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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 6 · Page 272Section

Translation · EN

Its manifest meaning is permissibility if it is not a ruse. This is the more correct view because he is a stranger. However, this is not exclusive to his shop-boy; rather, whenever he does this as a ruse, it is not permissible, and it constitutes forbidden deception (tadlis), according to what we mentioned previously.

Section: If he purchases a garment for ten, then sells it for fifteen, then purchases it for ten, it is recommended that he disclose the situation as it actually occurred. If he reports that he purchased it for ten without providing details, it is permissible. This is the view of al-Shafi'i, Abu Yusuf, and Muhammad, because he is truthful in what he reported, and there is neither suspicion nor deception of the purchaser in it, so it resembles the case where he does not make a profit on it. It was narrated from Ibn Sirin that he should subtract the profit from the price and report that his capital cost for it was five. Ahmad found the view of Ibn Sirin admirable, stating: If he sells it for what he purchased it, he should disclose his situation, meaning he should report that he made a profit on it once, then purchased it again. This is construed as a recommendation for the reason we have mentioned. Abu Hanifa said: It is not permissible to sell it by way of murabaha unless he discloses his situation [or reports] that his capital cost for it was five. This is the opinion of the Qadi and his companions, because in murabaha, contracts are combined; therefore, he must report the value that it cost him, just as the wages of the tailor and the fuller are combined. By this second contract, he has secured the profit of the first contract, because he is now secure from it being returned to him, and because profit is one of the types of growth (nama'), it is therefore necessary that he report it in the murabaha, just as with offspring and fruit. Consequently, it follows that if he subtracts the profit from the second price, he should say: "It cost me five." It is not permissible for him to say: "I bought it for five," because that would be a lie, and lying is forbidden. It becomes similar to the case where he adds the wages of the fuller and the tailor to the price and reports that. Our argument is what we have previously mentioned. What they mentioned regarding the inclusion of the fuller's and tailor's wages, and the offspring and fruit, is something they built upon their own principles, which we do not accept. Furthermore, this does not resemble what he mentioned, because the expenses and growth were incurred in this sale that immediately follows the murabaha, while this profit was in another contract prior to this purchase, so it resembles a loss in it. As for the "securing of profit," it is not valid, for...

Notes

(8) Omitted from the original. (9) In the original: "istia'ada" (recovered).

Arabic (Source)

وظاهِرُه الجَوازُ إذا لم يكُنْ حِيلَةً. وهذا أصَحُّ؛ لأنَّه أجْنَبِىٌّ، لكنْ لا يَخْتَصُّ هذا بِغُلامِ دُكَّانِه، بل متى فَعَلَ هذا على وجه الحِيلَةِ لم يَجُزْ، وكان حَرامًا وتَدْلِيسًا، على ما ذَكَرْنا من قبلُ.

فصل: فإن اشْتَرَى ثَوْبًا بِعَشَرَةٍ، ثم باعَه بخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ، ثم اشْتَراه بِعَشَرَةٍ، اسْتُحِبَّ أنْ يُخْبِرَ بالحال على وَجْهِه، فإنْ أخْبَرَ أنَّه اشْتَراه بِعَشَرَةٍ، ولم يُبَيِّنْ، جازَ. وهو قولُ الشَّافِعِىِّ، وأبى يوسُفَ، ومحمدٍ، لأنَّه صادِقٌ فيما أخْبَرَ به، وليس فيه تُهْمَةٌ، ولا تَغْرِيرٌ بالمُشْتَرِى. فأشْبه ما لو لم يَرْبَحْ فيه. ورُوِىَ عن ابن سِيرِينَ، أنَّه يَطْرَحُ الرِّبْحَ من الثَّمَنِ، ويُخْبِرُ أنَّ رَأْسَ مالِه عليه خَمْسَةٌ. وأعْجَبَ أحمدَ قولُ ابن سِيرِينَ، قال: فإنْ باعه على ما اشْتَراهُ، يُبَيِّنُ أمْرَه. يعنى يُخْبِرُ أنَّه رَبِحَ فيه مَرَّةً، ثم اشْتَراه. وهذا مَحْمُولٌ على الاسْتِحْبابِ؛ لما ذَكَرْناه. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: لا يجوزُ بَيْعُه مُرابَحَةً، إلَّا أنْ يُبَيِّنَ أمْرَه، [أو يُخْبِرَ] (٨) أنَّ رَأْسَ مالِه عليه خَمْسَةٌ. وهذا قولُ القاضِى وأصْحابِه؛ لأنَّ المُرابَحَةَ تُضَمُّ فيها العُقُودُ، فيُخْبِرُ بما تَقَوَّمَ عليه، كما تُضَمُّ أُجْرَةُ الخَيَّاطِ والقَصَّارِ. وقد اسْتَفادَ (٩) بهذا العَقْدِ الثانى تَقْرِيرَ الرِّبْحِ فى العَقْدِ الأوَّلِ؛ لأنَّه أمِنَ أن يَرُدَّه عليه، ولأنَّ الرِّبْحَ أحَدُ نَوْعَىِ النَّماءِ، فوَجَبَ أنْ يُخْبِرَ به فى المُرابَحَةِ، كالوَلَدِ والثَّمَرَةِ. فعلى هذا يَنْبَغِى أنَّه إذا طَرَحَ الرِّبْحَ من الثَّمَنِ الثانى يقول: تَقَوَّمَ عَلَىَّ بِخَمْسَةٍ. ولا يجوزُ أنْ يقولَ: اشْريْتُه بِخَمْسَةٍ. لأنَّ ذلك كَذِبٌ، والكَذِبُ حَرَامٌ، ويَصِيرُ كما لو ضَمَّ أُجْرَةَ القِصارَةِ والخِياطَةِ إلى الثَّمَنِ، وأخْبَرَ به. ولَنا، ما ذَكَرْناه فيما تَقَدَّمَ. وما ذَكَرُوه من ضَمِّ القصارَةِ والخِياطَةِ والوَلَدِ والثَّمَرَةِ فشىءٌ بَنَوْه على أصْلِهِمْ، لا نُسَلِّمُه، ثم لا يُشْبِه هذا ما ذَكَرَه؛ لأنَّ المُؤْنَةَ والنَّماءَ لَزِماه فى هذا البَيْعِ الذى يَلِى المُرابَحَةَ، وهذا الرِّبْحُ فى عَقْدٍ آخَرَ قبل هذا الشِّراءِ، فأشْبَه الخَسارَةَ فيه. وأمَّا تَقْرِيرُ الرِّبْحِ، فغيرُ صَحِيحٍ؛ فإنَّ

Notes

(٨) سقط من: الأصل.(٩) فى الأصل: "استعاد".

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