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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 6 · Page 333Section

Translation · EN

or on the condition that I hire you, or on the condition that you hire me for such-and-such, or on the condition that you marry me to your daughter, or on the condition that I marry you to my daughter, and the like. All of this is invalid. Ibn Mas'ud said: "Two deals in one deal is usury (riba)." This is the position of Abu Hanifah, al-Shafi'i, and the majority of scholars. Malik permitted it, saying: "I do not pay attention to the corrupt wording if it is known and lawful; it is as if he sold the item for the dirhams that he mentioned he would take in exchange for the dinars." Our argument is the report, and that the prohibition implies corruption (fasad). Furthermore, the contract is not obligatory based on the condition, because it does not establish itself in the liability (dhimma); thus it lapses, and the contract becomes corrupt because the seller was not content with it except on that condition, and when the condition is missed, the consent to it is also missed. Moreover, he stipulated a contract within a contract, so it is not valid, like the nikah al-shighar (mutually conditional marriage). His statement: "I do not pay attention to the wording," is invalid, because the sale is the wording itself; if it is corrupt, how can it be valid? It is possible to derive that the sale remains valid while the condition is corrupt, based on the principle of when one stipulates something that contradicts the requirements of the contract, as previously mentioned. And Allah knows best.

Section: Another meaning has been narrated in the interpretation of "two sales in one sale," which is for him to say: "I sell you this slave for ten [dirhams] cash, or for fifteen on credit," or "for ten broken (debased) ones, or nine sound ones." This is how Malik, al-Thawri, and Ishaq interpreted it. This is also void, and it is the view of the majority; because he did not fix a single sale for him, resembling the case where one says: "I sell you this or that." Also, because the price is unknown, it is not valid, like selling by an unknown number. And because one of the two considerations (iwadayn) is neither specified nor known, it is not valid, just as if he said: "I sold you one of my slaves." It has been narrated from Tawus, al-Hakam, and Hammad that they said: "There is no harm in him saying: 'I will sell it to you for cash for such-and-such, and for credit for such-and-such,' and then he settles on one of them." This is interpreted as having occurred between them after what took place in the contract, as if the buyer said: "I will take it on credit for such-and-such," and he replied:

Notes

(4) In [MS] M: "lam" (did not). (5) Meaning Imam Malik. (6) In the original: "akhadha" (he took).

Arabic (Source)

أو على أن أُؤجِرَك. أو على أن تُؤْجِرَنِى كذا. أو على أن تُزَوِّجَنِى ابْنَتَكَ. أو على أن أُزَوِّجَكَ ابْنَتِى. ونحوَ هذا. فهذا كلُّه لا يَصِحُّ. قال ابنُ مَسْعُودٍ: الصَّفْقَتَانِ فى صَفْقَةٍ رِبًا. وهذا قولُ أبي حَنِيفَةَ، والشَّافِعِيِّ، وجُمْهُورِ العُلَمَاءِ. وجَوَّزَه مالِكٌ، وقال: لا ألْتَفِتُ إلى اللَّفْظِ الفاسِدِ، إذا كان مَعْلُومًا حَلالًا، فكأنَّه باعَ السِّلْعَةَ بالدَّراهِمِ التى ذَكَرَ أَنَّه يَأْخُذُها بالدَّنانِيرِ. ولَنا، الخَبَرُ، وأنَّ النَّهْىَ يَقْتَضِى الفَسادَ، ولأنَّ العَقْدَ لا يَجِبُ بالشَّرْطِ؛ لكونِه لا يَثْبُتُ فى الذِّمَّةِ، فيَسْقُطُ، فيَفْسُدُ العَقْدُ؛ لأنَّ البائِعَ لم يَرْضَ به، إلَّا بذلك الشَّرْطِ، فإذا فاتَ فاتَ الرِّضَى به، ولأنَّه شَرَط عَقْدًا فى عَقْدٍ، فلم (٤) يَصِحَّ، كَنِكاحِ الشِّغارِ، وقوله (٥): لا أَلْتَفِتُ إلى اللَّفْظِ. لا يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّ البَيْعَ هو اللَّفْظُ، فإذا كان فاسِدًا فكيف يكونُ صَحِيحًا. ويَتَخَرَّجُ أن يَصِحَّ البَيْعُ، ويَفْسُدَ الشَّرْطُ، بِناءً على ما لو شَرَطَ ما يُنافِى مُقتَضَى العَقْدِ، كما سَبَقَ. واللهُ أعلمُ.

فصل: وقد رُوِىَ فى تَفْسِيرِ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فى بَيْعَةٍ، وَجْهٌ آخَرُ، وهو أن يقولَ: بِعْتُكَ هذا العَبْدَ بِعَشرَةٍ نَقْدًا، أو بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ نَسِيئَةً، أو بِعَشرَةٍ مُكَسَّرَةً، أو تِسْعَةٍ صِحاحًا. هكذا فَسَّرَه مالِكٌ، والثَّوْرِيُّ، وإسْحاقُ. وهو أيضًا باطِلٌ. وهو قولُ الجُمْهُورِ؛ لأنَّه لم يَجْزِمْ له بِبَيْعٍ واحِدٍ، فأشْبَهَ ما لو قال: بِعْتُكَ هذا أو هذا. ولأنَّ الثَّمنَ مَجْهُولٌ، فلم يَصِحَّ، كالبَيْعِ بالرَّقَمِ المَجْهُولِ. ولأنَّ أحَدَ (٦) العِوَضَيْنِ غيرُ مُعَيَّنٍ، ولا مَعْلُومٍ، فلم يَصِحَّ، كما لو قال: بعْتُكَ أحَدَ عَبِيدِى. وقد رُوِىَ عن طاوُسٍ، والحَكَمِ، وحَمَّادٍ، أَنَّهم قالوا: لا بَأْسَ أن يقول: أبِيعُكَ بالنَّقْدِ بكذا، وبالنَّسِيئةِ بكذا. فيذهبُ على أحَدِهما. وهذا مَحْمُولٌ على أنَّه جَرَى بينهما بعدَ ما يَجْرِى فى العَقْدِ، فكأنَّ المُشْتَرِىَ قال: أنا آخُذُه بالنَّسِيئَةِ بكذا. فقال:

Notes

(٤) فى م: "لم".(٥) أى الإِمام مالك.(٦) فى الأصل": "أخذ".

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