Section: A bequest of a dog that is permitted to be kept is valid, because it is a transfer of possession of it without compensation. Its gift (hibah) is also valid for the same reason. Al-Qadi said: It is not valid, because it is an act of transferring ownership during life, which resembles a sale. The first view is more sound. It differs from a sale because a sale involves taking compensation, and that is forbidden. There are two positions among the companions of al-Shafi'i, similar to these two.
771- Issue: He said: "And whoever kills it while it is trained has committed a wrong, and there is no liability (ghurm) upon him."
As for killing a trained dog, it is forbidden, and the perpetrator is a wrongdoer and an oppressor. The same applies to every dog whose possession is permitted, because it is a subject from which benefit is derived and whose acquisition is permitted, so its destruction is forbidden, just like a sheep. We do not know of any disagreement regarding this. There is no liability upon its killer. This is the view of al-Shafi'i. Malik and 'Ata' said: He is liable, due to what we mentioned regarding the prohibition of its destruction. Our argument is that it is a subject for which taking compensation is forbidden due to its vileness, so liability for its destruction is not mandatory, just like a pig. However, its destruction is forbidden due to the harm it causes. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade causing harm or retaliating with harm (1).
Section: As for killing what is not permitted to be kept, the solid black dog is permitted to be killed because it is a devil. 'Abdullah ibn al-Samit said: I asked Abu Dharr and said: What is the matter with the black one compared to the red or the white one? He replied: I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) just as you asked me, and he said: "The black dog is a devil." Narrated by Muslim (2). It is also narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said: "Were it not that dogs are a community among communities, I would have ordered their killing; so kill every solid black one among them" (3). It is permitted
(1) Preceded in: 4/140. (2) Its extraction preceded in: 3/98. (3) Extracted by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on Keeping a Dog for Hunting and Other Purposes, from the Book of Hunting. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/97. And al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on What Has Been Said Regarding Killing Dogs, and The Chapter on What Has Been Said Regarding One Who Keeps a Dog and What Is Diminished from His Reward, from the Chapters on Hunting. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 6/283, 285. And al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on the Description of Dogs That One Is Ordered to Kill, from the Book of Hunting. Al-Mujtaba 7/163. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Keeping a Dog..., from the Book of Hunting. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/1069. And al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on Killing Dogs, from the Book of Hunting. Sunan al-Darimi 2/90. And Imam Ahmad, in the Musnad 4/85, 5/54, 56, 57.
فصل: وتَصِحُّ الوَصِيَّةُ بالكَلْبِ الذى يُباحُ اقْتِناؤُه؛ لأنَّها نَقْلٌ لِلْيَدِ فيه مِن غيرِ عِوَضٍ. وتَصِحُّ هِبَتُه؛ لذلك. وقال القاضِى: لا تَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّها تَمْلِيكٌ في الحَياةِ، أشْبَهَتِ البَيْعَ. والأوَّلُ أصَحُّ. ويُفارِقُ البَيْعَ؛ لأنَّه يُؤْخَذُ عِوَضُه، وهو مُحَرَّمٌ. ولأصْحابِ الشَّافِعيِّ وجْهانِ، كهذَيْنِ.
٧٧١ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ وَهُوَ مُعَلَّمٌ، فَقَدْ أسَاءَ، ولَا غُرْمَ عَلَيْه)
أمَّا قَتْلُ المُعَلَّمِ فحَرامٌ، وفاعِلُه مُسِىءٌ ظالِمٌ، وكذلك كلُّ كَلْبٍ مُباحٍ إمْساكُه؛ لأنَّه مَحَلٌّ مُنْتَفَعٌ به يُباحُ اقْتِناؤُه، فَحَرُمَ إتْلافُه، كالشَّاةِ. ولا نَعْلَمُ في هذا خِلافًا. ولا غُرْمَ على قاتِلِه. وبهذا قال الشَّافِعِيُّ. وقال مالِكٌ وعَطاءٌ: عليه الغُرْمُ؛ لما ذَكَرْنا في تَحْرِيمِ إتْلافِه. ولَنا، أنَّه مَحَلٌّ يَحْرُمُ أخْذُ عِوَضِه لِخُبْثِه، فلم يَجِب غُرْمُه بإتْلافِه، كالخِنْزِيرِ، وإنَّما يَحْرُمُ إتْلافه؛ لما فيه من الإِضْرارِ. وقد نَهَى النَّبِيُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- عن الضَّرَرِ والإِضْرارِ (١).
فصل: فأمَّا قَتْلُ ما لا يُباحُ إمْساكُه، فإنَّ الكَلْبَ الأسْوَدَ البَهِيمَ يُباحُ قَتْلُه؛ لأنَّه شَيْطانٌ. قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الصَّامِتِ: سَأَلْتُ أبا ذَرٍّ فقلتُ: ما بالُ الأسْوَدِ من الأَحْمَرِ من الأبْيَضِ؛ فقال: سَأَلْتُ رسولَ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- كما سَأَلْتَنى، فقال: "الكَلْبُ الأَسْوَدُ شَيْطَانٌ". رواهُ مُسْلِمٌ (٢)، وَرُوِىَ عن النَّبِيِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، أنَّه قال: "لَوْلَا أنَّ الكِلَابَ أُمَّةٌ مِنَ الأُمَمِ لَأَمَرْتُ بِقَتْلِهَا، فَاقْتُلُوا مِنْهَا كُلَّ أسْوَدَ بَهِيمٍ" (٣). ويُباحُ
(١) تقدم في: ٤/ ١٤٠.(٢) تقدم تخريجه في: ٣/ ٩٨.(٣) أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب في اتخاذ الكلب للصيد وغيره، من كتاب الصيد. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٩٧. والترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في قتل الكلاب، وباب ما جاء من أمسك كلبا ما ينقص من أجره، من أبواب الصيد. عارضة الأحوذي ٦/ ٢٨٣، ٢٨٥. والنسائي، في: باب صفة الكلاب التى أمر بقتلها، من كتاب الصيد. المجتبي ٧/ ١٦٣. وابن ماجه، في: باب النهي عن اقتناء الكلب. . .، من كتاب الصيد. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ١٠٦٩. والدارمي، في: باب في قتل الكلاب، من كتاب الصيد. سنن الدارمي ٢/ ٩٠. والإمام أحمد، في المسند ٤/ ٨٥، ٥/ ٥٤، ٥٦، ٥٧.
