like sweat, and because it is from a human, thus resembling their other parts. The first view is more correct, because it is pure milk that is utilized, so its sale is permitted, like the milk of a sheep. Furthermore, it is permitted to take compensation for it in the hiring of a wet nurse, so it resembles (other) benefits. It is distinct from sweat, for there is no benefit in that; that is why the sweat of a sheep is not sold, whereas its milk is. As for other parts of a human, it is permitted to sell them; indeed, it is permitted to sell a male slave and a female slave, and it is only forbidden to sell a free person because they are not owned, and it is forbidden to sell a severed limb because there is no benefit in it.
Section: There is a difference of opinion regarding the sale of the real estate (riba') of Makkah and the renting of its houses. It has been narrated that this is not permitted. This is the opinion of Abu Hanifa, Malik, Al-Thawri, and Abu 'Ubayd. Ishaq also disliked it, due to what 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb narrated from his father, from his grandfather, who said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said regarding Makkah: "Its real estate shall not be sold, and its houses shall not be rented." This was narrated by Al-Athram with his isnad (14). From Mujahid, from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), it is reported that he said: "Makkah is sacred; the sale of its real estate is forbidden, and its renting is forbidden." This is a nass (explicit text) narrated by Sa'id ibn Mansur in his Sunan (14). It was also narrated that they were called (15) al-sawa'ib (the abandoned/dedicated) during the time of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), as mentioned by Musaddad in his Musnad (16). This is because it was conquered by force ('anwatan) and was not divided, thus it was considered waqf (endowed/held in trust), and its sale is not permitted, like the rest of the land that the Muslims conquered by force and did not divide. The evidence that it was conquered by force is the saying of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "Verily, Allah restrained the elephant from Makkah, and He gave authority over it to His Messenger and the believers. It was not lawful for anyone before me, and it will not be lawful for anyone after me. It was only made lawful for me for an hour of the day." Agreed upon (17). Umm Hani' narrated...
(14) Both narrations were recorded by Al-Hakim in: The chapter on Makkah being a place of descent, its real estate shall not be sold, nor its houses rented, from the Book of Sales, Al-Mustadrak 2/53; and by Al-Haythami in: The chapter on renting the houses of Makkah, from the Book of Hajj, Majma' al-Zawa'id 3/297. (15) Meaning: the real estate of Makkah. (16) Recorded by Ibn Majah in: The chapter on the renting of the houses of Makkah, from the Book of Manasik, Sunan Ibn Majah 2/1037. (17) Recorded by Al-Bukhari in: The chapter on writing down knowledge, from the Book of Knowledge, and in: The chapter on how to identify the found property of Makkah, from the Book of Luqta, Sahih al-Bukhari 1/38, 3/164, 165; and by Muslim in: The chapter on the sanctity of Makkah, its game...
كالعَرَقِ، ولأنَّه من آدَمِىٍّ، فأشْبَهَ سائِرَ أجْزائِه. والأوَّلُ أصَحُّ؛ لأنَّه لَبَنٌ ظاهِرٌ مُنْتَفَعٌ به، فجازَ بَيْعُه، كلَبَنِ الشَّاةِ، ولأنَّه يجوزُ أخْذُ العِوَضِ عنه فى إجارَةِ الظِّئْرِ، فأشْبَه المَنافِعَ، ويُفارِقُ العَرَقَ، فإنَّه لا نَفْعَ فيه، ولذلك لا يُباعُ عَرَقُ الشَّاةِ، ويُباعُ لَبَنُها. وسائِرُ أجْزاءِ الآدَمِىِّ يجوزُ بَيْعُها، فإنَّه يجُوزُ بَيْعُ العَبْدِ، والأمَةِ، وإنَّما حُرِّمَ بَيْعُ الحُرِّ؛ لأنَّه لَيْسَ بمَمْلُوكٍ، وحُرِّمَ بَيْعُ العُضْوِ المَقْطُوعِ؛ لأنَّه لا نَفعَ فيه.
فصل: واخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوايَةُ فى بَيْعِ رِباعِ مَكَّةَ، وإجارَةِ دُورِها، فَرُوِىَ أنَّ ذَلك غيرُ جائِزٍ. وهو قولُ أبى حنيفةَ، ومالِكٍ، والثَّوْرِىِّ، وأبى عُبَيْدٍ. وكَرِهَه إسْحاقُ؛ لما رَوَى عَمْرُو بنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عن أبِيهِ، عن جَدِّهِ، قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فى مَكَّةَ: "لَا تُبَاعُ رِبَاعُهَا، وَلَا تُكْرَى بُيُوتُهَا". رواه الأثْرَمُ بإسْنادِهِ (١٤). وعن مُجاهِدٍ، عن النبىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، أنَّه قال: "مَكَّةُ حَرَامٌ بَيْعُ رِبَاعِهَا، حَرَامٌ إجَارَتُها". وهذا نَصٌّ رواه سَعِيدُ بنُ مَنْصُورٍ، فى "سُنَنِهِ" (١٤). وروى أنَّها كانت تُدْعَى (١٥) السَّوَائِبَ، على عَهْدِ رسولِ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-. ذَكَرَه مُسَدَّدٌ فى "مُسْنَدِه" (١٦)، ولأنَّها فُتِحَتْ عَنْوَةً، ولم تُقَسَّمْ، فكانت مَوْقُوفَةً، فلم يَجُزْ بَيْعُها، كسائِر الأرْضِ التى فَتَحَها المسلمون عَنْوَةً، ولم يُقَسِّموها، والدَّلِيلُ على أنَّها فُتِحَتْ عَنْوَةً، قولُ رسُولِ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "إنَّ اللهَ حَبَسَ عَنْ مَكَّةَ الفِيلَ، وسَلَّطَ عَلَيْها رَسُولَه والمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَإنَّها لَمْ تَحِلَّ لأَحَدٍ قَبْلِى، ولا تَحِلُّ لأَحَدٍ بَعْدِى، وإنَّما أُحِلَّتْ لِى سَاعَةً من نَهَارٍ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (١٧). ورَوَتْ أمُّ هَانِىءٍ
(١٤) وأخرجهما الحاكم، فى: باب مكة مناخ لا تباع رباعها ولا تواجر بيوتها، من كتاب البيوع. المستدرك ٢/ ٥٣. والهيثمى، فى: باب إجارة بيوت مكة، من كتاب الحج. مجمع الزوائد ٣/ ٢٩٧.(١٥) أى رباع مكة.(١٦) وأخرجه ابن ماجه، فى: باب أجر بيوت مكة، من كتاب المناسك. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ١٠٣٧.(١٧) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب كتابة العلم، من كتاب العلم، وفى: باب كيف تعرف لقطة مكة، من كتاب اللقطة. صحيح البخارى ١/ ٣٨، ٣/ ١٦٤، ١٦٥. ومسلم، فى: باب تحريم مكة وصيدها. . .، =
