Section: According to both narrations, whenever the water that springs forth on one's land, or the fodder, or the minerals, are equal to one's requirements—for one's own drinking and the drinking of one's livestock—one is not obligated to dispense them. There is an explicit text regarding this because it is his property. Therefore, if he and others are equal in need, he has a superior right to it, just like food. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) only issued a warning regarding the withholding of surplus water, and there is no surplus in this case. Furthermore, there is harm to him in dispensing it, and he is not obligated to benefit others at the expense of his own harm. However, if there is a surplus beyond what is needed for his drinking, the drinking of his livestock, and his crops, and the livestock of others are in need of it, he is obligated to dispense it without compensation. Everyone has the right to approach the water, drink, and water their livestock, and its owner does not have the right to prevent that, based on what Iyas and Iyas ibn 'Abd al-Muzani (66) reported, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whoever withholds surplus water to thereby withhold surplus fodder, Allah will withhold from him His surplus mercy" (67). And in Sahih Muslim (68) from Abu
(65) In the original: "'an". (66) Thus in the copies. In his biography: He is Abu 'Awf Iyas ibn 'Abd al-Muzani, a Kufan who was a Companion. Ibn al-Athir mentioned that al-Tirmidhi listed him under the name "'Abd Allah". See his biography in: Usd al-Ghaba 1/184, and al-Isaba 1/165, 166. (67) We have not found it via the chain of Iyas ibn 'Abd (or 'Abd Allah) al-Muzani with this exact wording. It was, however, narrated via the chain of 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr by Imam Ahmad in: al-Musnad 2/183. Abu 'Ubayd also narrated from him in al-Amwal 296, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade withholding surplus water. See the authentication of the second hadith in the following footnote. (68) The first was narrated by Muslim, in: "Chapter: The Prohibition of One Person Selling Over the Sale of His Brother..." from the Book of Sales, Sahih Muslim 3/1155. It was also narrated by al-Bukhari, in: "Chapter: Conditions in Divorce" from the Book of Conditions, and in: "Chapter: {And the command of Allah is a decree determined}" from the Book of Destiny, Sahih al-Bukhari 3/251, 8/153. And by Abu Dawud, in: "Chapter: Regarding a woman asking for her sister's divorce" from the Book of Divorce, Sunan Abi Dawud 1/503. And by al-Tirmidhi, in: "Chapter: What has been narrated that a woman should not ask for her sister's divorce" from the Chapters on Divorce, 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 5/165, 166. And by Imam Malik, in: "Chapter: A Comprehensive Chapter on what has been narrated regarding the people of destiny" from the Book of Destiny, al-Muwatta 2/900. And by Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 2/238, 274, 394. The second was narrated in: "Chapter: The Prohibition of Selling Surplus Water Found in the Wilderness..." from the Book of Irrigation, Sahih Muslim 3/1198. It was also narrated by al-Bukhari, in: "Chapter: Whoever said that the owner of the water has a better right to the water" from the Book of Drinking, Sahih al-Bukhari 3/144. And by Abu Dawud, in: "Chapter: Regarding the withholding of water" from the Book of Hiring, Sunan Abi Dawud 2/248. And by al-Tirmidhi, =
فصل: وعلى كِلْتَا الرِّوايَتَيْنِ؛ متى كان الماءُ النَّابِعَ فى مِلْكِه، أو الكَلَأُ أو المَعادِنُ، وَفْقَ كِفايَتِه، لشُرْبِه، وشُرْبِ ماشِيَتِه، لم يَجِبْ عليه بَذْلُه. نَصَّ عليه؛ لأنَّه فى مِلْكِه، فإذا تساوى هو وغيرُه فى الحاجَةِ، كان أحَقَّ به، كالطَّعامِ، وإنّما تَوَعَّدَ النَّبِيُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- على (٦٥) مَنْعِ فَضْلِ الماءِ، ولا فَضْلَ فى هذا. ولأنَّ عليه فى بَذْلِه ضَرَرًا، ولا يَلْزَمُه نَفْعُ غيرِه بمَضَرَّةِ نفْسِه. وإنْ كان فيه فَضْلٌ عن شُرْبِه، وشُرْبِ ماشِيَتِه وزَرْعِه، واحتاجَتْ إليه ماشِيَةُ غيرِه، لَزِمَه بَذْلُه بغيرِ عِوَضٍ، ولكُلِّ واحِدٍ أنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ إلى الماءِ، ويَشْرَبَ، ويَسْقِىَ مَاشِيَتَه، وليس لصاحِبِه المَنْعُ مِن ذلك؛ لما رَوَى إياسُ وإياسِ بنِ عبدٍ المُزَنِيِّ (٦٦)، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قال: "مَنْ مَنَعَ فَضْلَ الْمَاءِ، لِيَمْنَعَ بِهِ فَضْلَ الكَلَأِ، مَنَعَهُ اللهُ فَضْلَ رَحْمَتِهِ" (٦٧). وفى صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ (٦٨) عن أبي
(٦٥) فى الأصل: "عن".(٦٦) كذا فى النسخ، وفى ترجمته: هو أبو عوف إياس بن عبد المزني، كوفى له صحبة. وذكر ابن الأثير أن الترمذى ذكره باسم "عبد اللَّه" انظر ترجمته فى: أسد الغابة ١/ ١٨٤، والإصابة ١/ ١٦٥، ١٦٦.(٦٧) لم نجده من طريق إياس بن عبد (أو عبد اللَّه) المزنى بهذا اللفظ. وإنما أخرجه من طريق عبد اللَّه بن عمرو الإمام أحمد، في: المسند: ٢/ ١٨٣. وروى عنه أبو عبيد، فى الأموال ٢٩٦، أن رسول اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- نهى أن يمنع فضل الماء. وانظر تخريج الحديث الثاني فى الحاشية الآتية.(٦٨) أخرج الأول مسلم، فى: باب تحريم بيع الرجل على بيع أخيه. . .، من كتاب البيوع. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١١٥٥.كما أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب الشروط فى الطلاق، من كتاب الشروط، وفي: باب {وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا مَقْدُورًا}، من كتاب القدر. صحيح البخاري ٣/ ٢٥١، ٨/ ١٥٣. وأبو داود، فى: باب فى المرأة تسأل زوجها، من كتاب الطلاق. سنن أبي داود ١/ ٥٠٣. والترمذي، فى: باب ما جاء لا تسأل المرأة طلاق أختها، من أبواب الطلاق. عارضة الأحوذى ٥/ ١٦٥، ١٦٦. والإمام مالك، فى: باب جامع ما جاء فى أهل القدر، من كتاب القدر. الموطأ ٢/ ٩٠٠. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٢٣٨، ٢٧٤، ٣٩٤.والثانى، فى: باب تحريم بيع فضل الماء الذى يكون بالفلاة. . .، من كتاب المساقاة. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١١٩٨.كما أخرجه البخاري، فى: باب من قال إن صاحب الماء أحق بالماء، من كتاب الشرب. صحيح البخاري ٣/ ١٤٤. وأبو داود، فى: باب فى منع الماء، من كتاب الإجارة. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٢٤٨. والترمذى، =
