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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 6 · Page 38703 - Issue: He said: (And the option [to rescind the contract] is permitted for more than three [days])

Translation · EN

the seller. The reasoning for the first view is the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "And if they part after having traded, and neither of them has abandoned the sale, then the sale has become binding" (33). What we mentioned for the other opinion is refuted by the sale of that which has been previously seen, the sale of described items, and salam contracts, for those are binding with what we have mentioned, and likewise the rest of the sold items according to one of the two narrations.

703 - Issue: He said: (And the option [khiyar] is permitted for more than three [days]).

He means three nights with their days. He only mentioned the nights because, in dating, the feminine form is dominant; Allah the Almighty said: {And We made an appointment with Moses for thirty nights and perfected them by ten; so the term of his Lord was completed as forty nights} (1). And He said: {they shall wait for four months and ten [days]} (2). And in the hadith of Habban (3): "And you have the option for three" (4). It is permitted to stipulate the option for any known period they agree upon, whether its duration is short or long, and this is the view of Abu Yusuf, Muhammad, and Ibn al-Mundhir. This was also narrated from al-Hasan ibn Salih, al-Anbari, Ibn Abi Layla, Ishaq, and Abu Thawr. Malik permitted it for more than three days commensurate with the need, such as a village that cannot be reached in less than four days, because the option is for his need, so it is estimated accordingly. Abu Hanifa and al-Shafi'i said: It is not permitted for more than three; based on what was narrated from Umar, may Allah be pleased with him,

Notes

(33) Its extraction was previously provided on page 10. (1) Surah al-A'raf, 142. (2) Surah al-Baqarah, 234. (3) Habban ibn Munqidh ibn 'Amr, al-Ansari al-Khazraji, he had companionship with the Prophet, and he witnessed Uhud and subsequent battles. He died during the caliphate of Uthman. Usd al-Ghaba 1/437. (4) The word "thalathan" (for three) was omitted from the original manuscript. The hadith was extracted by Ibn Majah, in: The chapter on imposing a restriction on one who squanders his wealth, from the Book of Judgments. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/789. And al-Bayhaqi, in: The chapter on the evidence that it is not permitted to stipulate an option in a sale for more than three days, from the Book of Sales. al-Sunan al-Kubra 5/273, 274. And al-Daraqutni from Munqidh ibn 'Amr, Abu Habban, in: The Book of Sales. Sunan al-Daraqutni 3/56. And al-Hakim, in: The chapter on no liability (uhda) exceeding four [days], from the Book of Sales. al-Mustadrak 2/22.

Arabic (Source)

البائِعِ. ووجْهُ الأوَّلِ، قَوْلُ النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "وإنْ تَفَرَّقَا بَعْدَ أنْ تَبَايَعَا، ولَمْ يَتْرُكْ أحَدُهُمَا البَيْعَ، فَقَدْ وَجَبَ البَيْعُ" (٣٣). وما ذَكَرْناهُ لِلْقَوْلِ الآخَرِ يَنْتَقِضُ بِبَيْعِ ما تَقَدَّمَتْ رُؤْيَتُه، وبَيْعِ المَوْصُوفِ، والسَّلَمِ، فإنَّ ذلك لَازِم مع ما ذَكَرْناه، وكذلك سائِرُ المَبِيعِ على إحْدَى الرِّوايَتَيْنِ.

٧٠٣ - مسألة؛ قال: (والْخِيَارُ يَجُوزُ أكْثَرَ من ثَلَاثٍ)

يعنى ثَلاثَ لَيالٍ بِأيَّامِها. وإنَّما ذَكَرَ اللَّيالِى؛ لأنَّ التَّارِيخَ يَغْلِبُ فيه التَّأْنِيثُ، قال اللهُ تعالى: {وَوَاعَدْنَا مُوسَى ثَلَاثِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَتْمَمْنَاهَا بِعَشْرٍ فَتَمَّ مِيقَاتُ رَبِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً} (١). وقال تعالى: {يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا} (٢). وفى حَدِيثِ حَبَّانَ (٣): "وَلَكَ الخِيَارُ ثَلَاثًا" (٤). ويَجوزُ اشْتِراطُ الخِيارِ ما يَتَّفِقانِ عليه من المُدَّةِ المَعْلُومَةِ، قَلَّتْ مُدَّتُه أو كَثُرَتْ، وبذلك قال أبو يوسفَ، ومحمدٌ، وابنُ المُنْذِرِ. وحُكِىَ ذلك عن الحَسَنِ بن صالِحٍ، والعَنْبَرِىّ، وابنِ أبى لَيْلَى، وإسْحَاقَ، وأبِى ثَوْرٍ، وأجازَه مالِكٌ فيما زادَ على الثَّلاثِ بِقَدْرِ الحاجَةِ، مثلُ قَرْيَةٍ لا يَصِلُ إليها فى أقَلَّ من أرْبَعَةِ أيَّامٍ، لأنَّ الخِيارَ لِحاجَتِه، فيُقَدَّرُ بها. وقال أبو حَنِيفَةَ، والشَّافِعىُّ: لا يجوزُ أكْثَر من ثَلاثٍ؛ لما رُوِىَ عن عُمَرَ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه،

Notes

(٣٣) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ١٠.(١) سورة الأعراف ١٤٢.(٢) سورة البقرة ٢٣٤.(٣) حَبَّان بن منقذ بن عمرو، الأنصارى الخزرجى، له صحبة، شهد أحدًا وما بعدها. توفى فى خلافة عثمان. أسد الغابة ١/ ٤٣٧.(٤) لفظ: "ثلاثا" سقط من الأصل.والحديث أخرجه ابن ماجه، فى: باب الحجر على من يفسد ماله، من كتاب الأحكام. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٨٩. والبيهقى، فى: باب الدليل على أن لا يجوز شرط الخيار فى البيع أكثر من ثلاثة أيام، من كتاب البيوع. السنن الكبرى ٥/ ٢٧٣، ٢٧٤. والدارقطنى عن منقذ بن عمرو، أبى حبان، فى: كتاب البيوع. سنن الدارقطنى ٣/ ٥٦. والحاكم، فى: باب لا عهدة فوق أربع، من كتاب البيوع. المستدرك ٢/ ٢٢.

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