the insane person, and in this, it differs from the spendthrift. Abu al-Khattab mentioned that the interdiction upon the spendthrift is removed upon the cessation of the spendthriftiness. The first view is more appropriate. Thus, interdiction becomes divided into three categories: a category that is removed without a judge's ruling, which is the interdiction upon the insane person; a category that is not removed except by a judge, which is the interdiction upon the spendthrift; and a category in which there is disagreement, which is the interdiction upon the child.
The second section: his wealth shall not be delivered to him before the existence of both matters, maturity and soundness of judgment, even if he becomes an old man. This is the view of most of the scholars. Ibn al-Mundhir said: Most scholars of the regions—from the Hijaz, Iraq, the Levant, and Egypt—hold the view of interdiction upon every person who wastes his wealth, whether small or old. This is the view of al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-Siddiq. Malik, al-Shafi'i, Abu Yusuf, and Muhammad also held this view. Al-Juzajani narrated in his book, saying: Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad used to manage the affairs of an old man from the Quraysh who had a family and wealth, and no action of his regarding his wealth was permitted without him due to the weakness of his intellect. Ibn Ishaq said: I saw him as an old man who dyed his hair, and he came to al-Qasim ibn Muhammad and said: "O Abu Muhammad, deliver my wealth to me, for such as I is not placed under guardianship." He replied: "You are corrupt." He said: "My wife is divorced irrevocably, and every slave I own is free, if you do not deliver my wealth to me." Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad said to him: "It is not permissible for us to deliver your wealth to you in this state of yours." So he sent word to his wife and said: "She is a free Muslim woman, and I would not have withheld her from you after you have spoken the word of divorce." He sent to her and informed her of that, and said: "As for your slaves, you have no emancipation rights, nor honor." Thus, he withheld his slaves. Ibn Ishaq said: The man was not faulted for anything except his spendthriftiness. Abu Hanifa said: His wealth is not to be delivered to him before the age of twenty-five years, even if he disposes of it, his disposition is effective, but when he reaches twenty-five years, the interdiction is removed from him, and his wealth is delivered to him, based on the saying of Allah the Almighty: "And do not come near the wealth of the orphan, except in the way that is best, until he reaches his maturity" (Surah Al-An'am: 152).
(2) Omitted from: The original manuscript. (3) And in the original manuscript: "to me".
المَجْنُونِ، وبهذا فَارَقَ السَّفِيهَ. وقد ذَكَرَ أبو الخَطَّابِ أنَّ الحَجْرَ على السَّفِيهِ يَزُولُ بِزَوَالِ السَّفَهِ. والأوَّلُ أوْلَى. فصَارَ الحَجْرُ مُنْقَسِمًا إلى ثَلَاثَةِ أقْسامٍ، قِسْمٌ يَزُولُ بغيرِ حُكْمِ (٢) حَاكِمٍ، وهو حَجْرُ المَجْنُونِ، وقِسْمٌ لا يَزُولُ إلَّا بِحَاكِمٍ، وهو حَجْرُ السَّفِيهِ، وقِسْمٌ فيه الخِلَافُ، وهو حَجْرُ الصَّبِىِّ.
الفصل الثانى، أنَّه لا يُدْفَعُ إليه مَالُه قَبْلَ وُجُودِ الأمْرَيْنِ، البُلُوغِ والرُّشْدِ ولو صَارَ شَيْخًا. وهذا قولُ أكْثَرِ أهْلِ العِلْمِ. قال ابنُ المُنْذِرِ: أكْثَرُ عُلمَاءِ الأمْصارِ من أهْلِ الحِجَازِ، والعِرَاقِ، والشَّامِ، ومِصْرَ، يَرَوْنَ الحَجْرَ على كل مُضَيِّعٍ لِمَالِه، صَغِيرًا كان أو كَبِيرًا. وهذا قولُ القَاسِمِ بن مُحَمَّدِ بن أبى بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ. وبه قال مالِكٌ، والشَّافِعِىُّ، وأبو يوسفَ، ومحمدٌ. ورَوَى الجُوزَجَانِىُّ، فى "كِتَابِه"، قال: كان القاسمُ بنُ محمدٍ يَلِى أمْرَ شَيْخٍ من قُرَيْشٍ ذِى أَهْلٍ ومَالٍ، فلا يَجُوزُ له أمْرٌ فى مَالِه دُونَه؛ لِضَعْفِ عَقْلِه. قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: رَأيْتُه شَيْخًا يَخْضِبُ، وقد جاءَ إلى القاسمِ بن محمدٍ، فقال: يا أبا محمدٍ، ادْفَعْ إلَىَّ مَالِى، فإنَّه لا يُوَلَّى على مِثْلِى. فقال: إنَّكَ فَاسِدٌ. فقال: امْرَأَتُه طَالِقٌ أَلْبَتَّةَ، وكُلُّ مَمْلُوكٍ له (٣) حُرٌّ، إنْ لم تَدْفَعْ إلَىَّ مَالِى. فقال له القاسمُ بنُ محمدٍ: وما يَحِلُّ لنا أن نَدْفَعَ إليك مَالَكَ على حَالِكَ هذه. فبَعَثَ إلى امْرَأَتِه، وقال: هى حُرَّةٌ مُسْلِمَةٌ، وما كنتُ لأَحْبِسَها عليك وقد فُهْتَ بِطَلاقِهَا. فأَرْسَلَ إليها فأخْبَرَها ذلك، وقال: أمَّا رَقِيقُكَ فلا عِتْقَ لك، ولا كَرَامَةَ. فحَبَسَ رَقِيقَه. قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: ما كان يُعَابُ على الرَّجُلِ إلَّا سَفَهُه. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: لا يُدْفَعُ مَالُه إليه قَبْلَ خَمْسٍ وعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، وإن تَصَرَّفَ نَفَذَ تَصَرُّفُه، فإذا بَلَغَ خَمْسًا وعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، فُكَّ عنه الحَجْرُ. ودُفِعَ إليه مَالُهُ؛ لِقَولِ اللهِ تعالى: {وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ
(٢) سقط من: الأصل.(٣) والأصل: "لى".