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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 6 · Page 597The third chapter

Translation · EN

like the child and the insane person. Furthermore, if his disposition and acknowledgment were valid, his wealth would be squandered, and preventing him from accessing his wealth would be of no benefit. Moreover, if his disposition were valid, his wealth would be delivered to him, just like a person of sound judgment, for he is only prevented from accessing his wealth to preserve it. Thus, if it is not preserved by this prevention, it becomes obligatory to deliver it to him according to the original legal principle.

Third Chapter: On Puberty. It is attained in the case of a boy or a girl by one of three things, and in the case of a girl by two things specific to her. As for the three things shared between the male and female, the first of them is the emission of semen from his private part, which is the gushing water from which the child is created. Regardless of how it emerges, whether in wakefulness or sleep, through sexual intercourse, nocturnal emission, or otherwise, puberty is achieved thereby. We do not know of any disagreement regarding this, due to the saying of Allah the Almighty: "And when the children among you reach puberty, let them ask permission" (Surah An-Nur: 59), His saying: "and those among you who have not yet reached puberty" (Surah An-Nur: 58), the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "The Pen is lifted from three: ...from the child until he reaches puberty," and his saying (peace be upon him) to Mu'adh: "Take a dinar from every person who has reached puberty." Both were narrated by Abu Dawud. Ibn al-Mundhir said: "They reached consensus that religious obligations and legal rulings become binding upon the person who has reached puberty and is sane, and upon the woman through the appearance of menstruation from her."

As for the growth of pubic hair, it is the sprouting of coarse hair around the man's penis or the woman's private part, which necessitates removal with a razor. As for thin, downy hair, it is of no consideration, for it appears in the case of a young child. This is the opinion of Malik and Shafi'i in one of his views. In the other, he said: It constitutes puberty in the case of polytheists, but is it puberty in the case of Muslims? There are two views regarding this. Abu Hanifa said: It is of no consideration because it is the growth of hair, so it resembles the growth of hair on the rest of the body. Our argument is that when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made Sa'd ibn Mu'adh the arbitrator regarding Banu Qurayza, he ruled that their fighters be killed and their offspring be taken captive, and he ordered that their loincloths be examined. Whoever had grown pubic hair, he was considered one of the fighters,

Notes

(7) In (A), (B), and (M): "yuh-tafaz" (is preserved). (8) Surah An-Nur: 59. (9) Surah An-Nur: 58. (10) The takhrij (verification of source) for the first was mentioned previously in: 2/50, and the second in: 4/30.

Arabic (Source)

كالصَّبِىِّ، والمَجْنُونِ، ولأنَّه إذا نَفَذَ تَصَرُّفُه وإقْرَارُه تَلِفَ مَالُه، ولم يُفِدْ مَنْعُه من مَالِه شَيْئًا، ولأنَّ تَصَرُّفَهُ لو كان نَافِذًا، لَسُلِّمَ إليه مَالُه، كالرَّشِيدِ، فإنه إنما يُمْنَعُ مَالَه حِفْظًا له، فإذا لم يُحْفَظْ (٧) بالمَنْعِ، وَجَبَ تَسْليمُه إليه بِحُكْمِ الأصْلِ.

الفصلُ الثالثُ، فى البُلُوغِ، ويَحْصُلُ فى حَقِّ الغُلَامِ والجَارِيَةِ بأحَدِ ثَلاثَةِ أشْياء، وفى حَقِّ الجَارِيَةِ بِشَيْئَيْنِ يَخْتَصَّانِ بها، أمَّا الثَّلَاثَةُ المُشْتَرَكَةُ بين الذَّكَرِ والأُنْثَى، فأَوَّلُها خُرُوجُ المَنِىِّ من قُبُلِه، وهو الماءُ الدَّافِقُ الذى يُخْلَقُ منه الوَلَدُ، فَكَيْفَما خَرجَ فى يَقَظَةٍ أو مَنَامٍ، بِجمَاعٍ، أو احْتِلَامٍ، أو غيرِ ذلك، حَصَلَ به البُلُوغُ. لا نَعْلَمُ فى ذلك اخْتِلافًا؛ لقَوْلِ اللهِ تعالى: {وَإِذَا بَلَغَ الْأَطْفَالُ مِنْكُمُ الْحُلُمَ فَلْيَسْتَأْذِنُوا} (٨). وقولِه: {وَالَّذِينَ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحُلُمَ مِنْكُمْ} (٩). وقَوْلِ النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلَاثٍ؛ عَنِ الصَّبِىِّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ". وقَوْلِه عليه السَّلامُ لِمُعاذٍ: "خُذْ مِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا". رَواهما أبو دَاوُدَ (١٠). وقال ابنُ المُنْذِرِ: وأجْمَعُوا على أنَّ الفَرَائِضَ والأحْكامَ تَجِبُ على المُحْتَلِمِ العاقِلِ، وعلى المَرأَةِ بِظُهُورِ الحَيْضِ منها. وأمَّا الإنْبَاتُ فهو أن يَنْبُتَ الشَّعْرُ الخَشِنُ حَوْلَ ذَكَرِ الرَّجُلِ، أو فَرْجِ المرْأَةِ، الَّذى اسْتَحَقَّ أخْذَه بالمُوسى، وأمَّا الزَّغَبُ الضَّعِيفُ، فلا اعْتِبَارَ به، فإنَّه يَثْبُتُ فى حَقِّ الصَّغِيرِ. وبهذا قال مَالِكٌ، والشَّافِعِىُّ فى قولٍ، وقال فى الآخَرِ: هو بُلُوغٌ فى حَقِّ المُشْرِكِينَ، وهل هو بُلُوغٌ فى حَقِّ المُسْلِمِينَ؟ فيه قَوْلَانِ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: لا اعْتِبَارَ به؛ لأنَّه نَبَاتُ شَعْرٍ، فأشْبَه نَبَاتَ شَعْرِ سَائِرِ البَدَنِ. ولَنا، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- لما حَكَّمَ سَعْدَ بنَ مُعَاذٍ فى بَنِى قُرَيْظَةَ، حَكَمَ بأنْ يُقْتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتُهُمْ، وتُسْبَى ذَرَارِيهمْ، وأمَرَ أن يُكْشَفَ عن مُؤْتَزَرِهِمْ، فمن أنْبَتَ، فهو من المُقَاتِلَةِ،

Notes

(٧) فى أ، ب، م: "يحتفظ".(٨) سورة النور ٥٩.(٩) سورة النور ٥٨.(١٠) تقدم تخريج الأول فى: ٢/ ٥٠، والثانى فى: ٤/ ٣٠.

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