they are orphans only before puberty. Second, He extended the testing of them until puberty with the word "until" (hatta), which indicates that the testing is before it. And because delaying the testing until puberty leads to interdiction over a pubescent person of sound judgment, since the interdiction extends until he is tested and his sound judgment is known, and testing him before puberty prevents this, so it is more appropriate. However, only the adolescent who has reached the age of discernment (mumayyiz) is tested, who knows buying and selling and the beneficial from the harmful. And whenever his guardian permits him, he acts [accordingly], based on what we have mentioned previously. Ahmad has alluded in one place to testing him after puberty, because his transaction before that is the transaction of one in whom the probability of intellect has not been found. The companions of al-Shafi'i have differed regarding the time of testing, according to what we have mentioned previously regarding the two narrations.
813 - Issue; He said: "If he returns to foolishness, he is placed under interdiction."
Its general scope is that when an interdicted person has the interdiction lifted from him due to his sound judgment and reaching puberty, and his wealth is delivered to him, then he returns to foolishness, the interdiction is restored upon him. This is the view of al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, Malik, al-Shafi'i, al-Awza'i, Ishaq, [Abu Thawr] (1), Abu 'Ubayd, Abu Yusuf, and Muhammad. Abu Hanifah said: "Interdiction is not initiated upon a pubescent, sane person, and his transaction is effective." This was also narrated from Ibn Sirin and al-Nakha'i, because he is a free, legally responsible person, so he is not placed under interdiction, like the person of sound judgment. Our argument is the consensus of the Companions. 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr narrated that 'Abd Allah ibn Ja'far made a sale, and 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will surely go to 'Uthman so that he may place you under interdiction." 'Abd Allah ibn Ja'far went to al-Zubayr and said: "I have made a sale, and 'Ali wants to go to the Commander of the Faithful, 'Uthman, and ask him to place me under interdiction." Al-Zubayr said: "I am your partner in the sale." 'Ali went to 'Uthman and said: "Ibn Ja'far has made such-and-such a sale, so place him under interdiction." Al-Zubayr said: "I am his partner in the sale." 'Uthman said: "How can I place a man under interdiction when his partner is al-Zubayr?" Ahmad said: "I have not heard this except from
(8) In the original manuscript: "fa-yadullu" (so it indicates). (1) Omitted from: B and M.
يَكُونُونَ يَتَامَى قبل البُلُوغِ. والثانى، أَنَّه مَدَّ اخْتِبَارَهم إلى البُلُوغِ بِلَفظَةِ: {حَتَّى}، فدَلَّ (٨) على أن الاخْتِبَارَ قَبْلَه، ولأنَّ تَأخِيرَ الاخْتِبَارِ إلى البُلُوغِ مُؤَدٍّ إلى الحَجْرِ على البالِغ الرَّشِيدِ؛ لأنَّ الحَجْرَ يَمْتَدُّ إلى أن يُخْتَبَرَ ويُعْلَمَ رُشْدُه، واخْتِبَارُه قَبْل البُلُوغِ يَمْنَعُ ذلك، فكان أَولَى. لكن لا يُختَبَرُ إلَّا المُرَاهِقُ المُمَيِّزُ، الَّذى يَعْرِفُ اليَيْعَ والشِّرَاءَ. والمَصْلَحَةَ من المَفْسَدَةِ. ومتى أَذِنَ له وَلِيُّه فتَصَرَّفَ، من تَصَرُّفُه، علي ما ذَكَرْنا فيما مَضَى. وقد أوْمَأ أحمدُ فى مَوْضِعٍ إلى اخْتِبَارِه بعد البُلُوغِ؛ لأنَّ تَصَرُّفَه قَبْلَ ذلك تَصَرُّفٌ مِمَّنْ لم يُوجَدْ فيه مَظِنَّةُ العَقْلِ. وقد اخْتَلَفَ أصْحَابُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فى وَقْتِ الاخْتِبَارِ على نَحْوِ ما ذَكَرنا فيما مَضَى من الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ.
٨١٣ - مسألة؛ قال: (فَإنْ عَاوَدَ السَّفَهَ، حُجِرَ عَلَيْهِ)
وجُمْلَتُه، أنَّ المَحْجُورَ عليه إذا فُكَّ عنه الحَجْرُ لِرُشْدِه وبُلُوغِه، ودُفِعَ إليه مَالُه، ثمَّ عَادَ إلى السَّفَهِ، أُعِيدَ عليه الحَجْرُ. وبهذا قال القاسِمُ بن محمدٍ، ومالِكٌ، والشَّافِعِيُّ، والأوْزَاعِيُّ، وإسحاقُ، [وأبو ثَوْرٍ] (١)، وأبو عُبَيْدٍ، وأبو يوسفَ، ومحمدٌ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: لا يُبْتَدَأُ الحَجْرُ على بَالِغٍ عَاقِلٍ، وتَصَرُّفُه نَافِذٌ. ورُوِىَ ذلك عن ابنِ سِيرِينَ، والنَّخَعيِّ؛ لأنَّه حُرٌّ مُكَلَّفٌ، فلا يُحْجَرُ عليه كالرَّشِيدِ. ولَنا، إجْمَاعُ الصَّحابةِ، ورَوَى عُرْوَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ جَعْفَرٍ ابْتَاعَ بَيْعًا، فقال عَلِيٌّ رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه: لآتِيَنَّ عثمانَ لِيَحْجُرَ عليكَ. فأتَى عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعْفَرٍ الزُّبَيْرَ، فقال: قد ابْتَعْتُ يَيْعًا، وإنَّ عَلِيًّا يُرِيدُ أن يَأْتِىَ أمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ عثمانَ، فيَسْأَلَه الحَجْرَ عَلَيَّ. فقال الزُّبَيْرُ: أنا شَرِيكُكَ فى البَيْعِ. فأتَى عَلِيٌّ عثمانَ، فقال: إنَّ ابنَ جَعْفَرٍ قد ابْتَاعَ بَيْعَ كذا، فَاحْجُرْ عليه. فقال الزُّبَيْرُ: أنا شَرِيكُه فى البَيْعِ. فقال عثمانُ: كيف أحْجُرُ على رَجُلٍ شَرِيكُه الزُّبَيْرُ؟ . قال أحمدُ: لم أسْمَعْ هذا إلَّا من
(٨) فى الأصل: "فيدل".(١) سقط من: ب، م.
