the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbidding the sale of gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, and salt for salt, except for like for like, identical for identical. So whoever gives more or asks for more has engaged in Riba." Al-Athram (27) narrated from 'Ata' ibn Yasar that Mu'awiyah sold a vessel of gold or silver for more than its weight. Abu al-Darda' said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbid the like of this, unless it is like for like." Then Abu al-Darda' came to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with them both) and mentioned that to him. So 'Umar wrote to Mu'awiyah: "Do not sell that except like for like, weight for weight" (28). And because they are equal in weight, the difference between them in value does not matter, like high quality and low quality. As for if he says to a goldsmith: "Fashion a ring for me whose weight is a dirham, and I will give you its equivalent weight, and your wage shall be a dirham," this is not a sale of a dirham for two dirhams. Our companions said: The goldsmith may take the two dirhams; one of them in exchange for the ring, and the second as a wage for him.
Section: Everything in which tafadul (increase) is prohibited, nisa' (delay in delivery) is also prohibited, without any disagreement that we know of. It is prohibited to separate before the exchange of the items takes place, due to the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Identical for identical" (29), and his statement: "Hand to hand" (30). And because the prohibition of nisa' is more emphasized, which is why it applies to two different types. So if tafadul is prohibited, then nisa' is even more worthy of prohibition.
705 - He said: (And whatever is of two types, tafadul is permissible in it hand-to-hand, and it is not permissible on credit).
There is no disagreement known to us regarding the permissibility of tafadul in two different types, except for what is reported from Sa'id ibn Jubayr who said:
(27) It was also recorded by al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on the Sale of Gold for Gold, from the Book of Sales. al-Mujtaba 7/245. And al-Bayhaqi, in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Tafadul in the Same Type in which Riba Occurs along with the Prohibition of Nisa', from the Book of Sales. al-Sunan al-Kubra 5/280. And Imam Malik, in: The Chapter on the Sale of Gold for Silver, Raw and Coined, from the Book of Sales. al-Muwatta' 3/634. (28) Recorded by Imam Malik and al-Bayhaqi, in the aforementioned location. (29) Its documentation was provided previously on page 54. (30) Its documentation was provided previously on page 54.
رسولَ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- يَنْهَى عن بَيْعِ الذَّهَبِ بالذَّهَبِ، والفِضَّةِ بالفِضَّةِ، والبُرِّ بِالبُرِّ، والشَّعِيرِ بالشَّعِيرِ، والمِلْحِ بالمِلْحِ، إلّا سواءً بسواءٍ، عَيْنًا بعَيْنٍ، فَمَن زادَ أو ازدادَ فقد أرْبَى. ورَوَى الأثْرَمُ (٢٧)، عن عَطَاءِ بن يَسارٍ، أنّ مُعاوِيَةَ باعَ سِقايَةً مِن ذَهَبٍ أو وَرِقٍ بأكْثَرَ مِن وَزْنِها، فقال أبو الدَّرْداءِ: سَمِعْتُ رسولَ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- يَنْهَى عن مِثْلِ هذا إلّا مِثْلًا بمِثْلٍ. ثم قَدِمَ أبو الدَّرْداءِ على عُمَرَ بن الخَطّابِ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنهما، فَذكَرَ له ذلك، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلى مُعاوِيَةَ، لا تَبِعْ ذلك إلّا مِثْلًا بمِثْلٍ، وَزْنًا بوَزْنٍ (٢٨). ولأنَّهما تساويا فى الوَزْنِ، فلا يُؤَثِّرُ اخْتِلافُهما فى القِيمَةِ، كالجَيِّدِ والرَّدِىءِ. فأمّا إنْ قال لِصَائِغٍ: صُغْ لى خَاتَمًا وَزْنُه دِرْهَمٌ، وأُعْطِيك مِثْلَ وَزْنِه، وأُجْرَتَك دِرْهَمًا. فليس ذلك بِبَيْعِ دِرْهَمٍ بدِرْهَمَيْنِ. وقال أصحابُنا: للصّائِغِ أخْذُ الدِّرْهَمَيْنِ؛ أحَدِهما فى مُقابَلَةِ الخاتَمِ، والثّانى أُجْرَةً له.
فصل: وكُلُّ ما حُرِّمَ فيه التَّفاضُلُ حُرِّمَ فيه النَّساءُ، بغيرِ خِلافٍ نَعْلَمُه. ويَحْرُمُ التَّفَرُّقُ قبلَ القَبْضِ؛ لقولِ النَّبىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "عَيْنًا بِعَيْنٍ" (٢٩). وقولِه: "يَدًا بِيَدٍ" (٣٠). ولأنّ تَحْرِيمَ النَّسَاءِ آكَدُ، ولذلك جَرَى فى الجِنْسَيْنِ المُخْتَلِفَيْنِ، فإذا حُرِّمَ التّفاضُلُ، فَالنَّساءُ أوْلَى بالتَّحْرِيمِ.
٧٠٥ - قال: (وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ جِنْسَيْنِ فَجَائِزٌ التَّفَاضُلُ فِيهِ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ نَسِيئَةً)
لا خِلافَ فى جَوازِ التَّفاضُل فى الجِنْسَيْنِ نَعْلَمُه، إلّا عن سعيدِ بن جُبَيْرٍ أنّه قال:
(٢٧) وأخرجه النسائى، فى: باب بيع الذهب بالذهب، من كتاب البيوع. المجتبى ٧/ ٢٤٥. والبيهقى، فى: باب تحريم التفاضل فى الجنس الواحد مما يجرى فيه الربا مع تحريم النساء، من كتاب البيوع. السنن الكبرى ٥/ ٢٨٠. والإِمام مالك، فى: باب بيع الذهب بالفضة تبرا وعينا، من كتاب البيوع. الموطأ ٣/ ٦٣٤.(٢٨) أخرجه الإِمام مالك والبيهقى، فى الموضع السابق.(٢٩) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٥٤.(٣٠) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٥٤.
