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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 7 · Page 121

Translation · EN

Three types remain, which al-Khiraqi mentioned in five categories. Three of them are Mudaraba: when two bodies form a partnership with the capital of one of them, or one body and capital, or two capitals and the body of the owner of one of them. One category is partnership of reputation (sharikat al-wujuh), which is when two bodies form a partnership with the capital of others. Al-Qadi said: The meaning of this category is that one person gives his capital to two people as a Mudaraba, so the two Mudarib partners are partners in the profit using someone else's capital; for if the capital is taken based on their prestige (jah), they would not be partners using someone else's capital, and this is plausible. The position we have stated is also plausible, because they have partnered in what they take from the capital of others. We have chosen this interpretation because al-Khiraqi’s statement, under this estimation, is comprehensive of the types of valid partnership, whereas under al-Qadi’s interpretation, it would be deficient in one of them, which is the partnership of reputation, and this mentioned case would be a type of Mudaraba. Furthermore, al-Khiraqi mentioned the partnership between two, which is correct according to our interpretation, while according to al-Qadi’s interpretation, the partnership would be between three, which is contrary to the apparent meaning of al-Khiraqi’s statement. The fifth category is when two bodies form a partnership with their two capitals, and this is 'Inan partnership, which is a unanimously agreed-upon partnership. As for the partnership of reputation (sharikat al-wujuh), it is when two people partner in what they purchase based on their reputation and the trust of the merchants in them, without having any capital, on the condition that what they purchase is divided between them in halves, thirds, quarters, or the like, and they sell it; so whatever Allah the Almighty apportions is between them. This is permissible, whether one of them specifies for the other what he is to purchase, its amount, its time, or mentions the type of goods, or does not specify any of that, but rather says: 'Whatever you purchase of anything is between us.' Ahmad said, in a narration by Ibn Mansur, regarding two men who partnered without their own capital, on the condition that whatever each of them purchases is shared between them: 'It is permissible.' This is the opinion of al-Thawri, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, and Ibn al-Mundhir. Abu Hanifa said: 'It is not valid until the time, the capital, or a type of garment is mentioned.' Malik and al-Shafi'i said: 'It is a condition to mention the stipulations of agency (wakala); because the stipulations of agency are considered in that, such as the specification of the type and other stipulations of agency.' Our argument is that they have partnered in the purchasing, and each of them has permitted the other to do so.

Notes

(2) In [B], there is an addition: "the". (3) Omitted from the original, [A], and [B]. (4) Omitted from the original.

Arabic (Source)

وبَقِىَ ثلاثةُ أنْواعٍ، ذَكَرَها الخِرَقِىُّ في خَمْسةِ أقْسامٍ، ثلاثةٌ منها المُضَارَبَةُ، وهى (٢) إذا اشْتَركَ بَدَنَانِ بمالِ أحَدِهما، أو بَدَنٌ ومَالٌ، أو مَالَانِ وبَدَنُ صَاحِبِ أحَدِهما. وقِسْمٌ منها شَرِكَة الوُجُوهِ، وهو إذا اشْتَرَكَ بَدَنانِ بمالِ غَيْرِهما. وقال القاضي: مَعْنَى هذا القِسْمِ، أن يَدْفَعَ واحِدٌ مَالَه إلى اثْنَيْنِ مُضَارَبَةً، فيكون المُضَارِبَانِ شَرِيكَيْنِ في الرِّبْحِ بمالِ غَيْرِهما؛ لأنَّهما إذا أُخِذَ المالُ بِجَاهِهما فلا يكُونانِ مُشْتَرِكَيْنِ بمالِ غَيْرِهما، وهذا مُحْتَمِلٌ. والذي قُلْنا له وَجْهٌ؛ لكَوْنِهما اشْتَرَكَا فيما يَأْخُذانِ من مالِ غَيْرِهما، واخْتَرْنا هذا التَّفْسِيرَ؛ لأنَّ كلامَ الخِرَقِىِّ بهذا التَّقْدِيرِ يكونُ جَامِعًا لأَنْواعِ الشَّرِكَةِ الصَّحِيحَةِ، وعلى تَفْسِيرِ القاضي يكون مُخِلًّا بِنَوْعٍ منها، وهى شَرِكَةُ الوُجُوهِ، ويكونُ هذا المَذْكُورُ نَوْعًا من المُضَارَبَةِ، ولأنَّ الخِرَقِىَّ ذَكَرَ الشَّرِكَةَ بين اثْنَيْنِ، وهو صَحِيحٌ على تَفْسِيرِنَا، وعلى تَفْسِيرِ القاضِى تكون الشَّرِكَةُ بين ثَلَاثَةٍ، وهو خِلَافُ ظَاهِرِ قولِ الخِرَقِيِّ. والقسم الخامس إذا اشْتَرَكَ بَدَنانِ بمالَيْهِما، وهذه شَرِكَةُ العِنَانِ، وهى شَرِكَةٌ مُتَّفَقٌ عليها. فأما شَرِكَةُ الوُجُوهِ، فهو أن يَشْتَرِكَ اثْنانِ فيما يَشْتَرِيانِ بِجَاهِهما، وثِقَةِ التُّجَّارِ بهما، من غيرِ أن يكونَ لهما رَأْسُ مالٍ، على أنَّ ما اشْتَرَيَا بينهما نِصْفَيْنِ أو أَثْلاثًا أو أرْباعًا أو نحوَ ذلك، ويَبِيعَانِ ذلك، فما قَسَمَ اللهُ تعالى فهو بينهما، فهى جَائِزَةٌ، سواءٌ عَيَّنَ أحَدُهما لِصاحِبِه ما يَشْتَرِيهِ، أو قَدْرَهُ، أو وَقْتَهُ، أو ذَكَرَ (٣) صِنْفَ المالِ، أو لم يُعَيِّنْ شَيْئًا من ذلك، بل قال: ما اشْتَرَيْتَ من شيءٍ فهو بيننا. وقال أحمَدُ، في رِوَايةِ ابن منصورٍ: في رجليْنِ اشْتَرَكا بغير رُءُوسِ أمْوالِهما، على أنَّ ما يَشْتَرِيه كلُّ واحدٍ منهما بينهما، فهو جَائِزٌ. وبهذا قال الثَّوْرِىُّ، ومحمدُ بن الحسنِ، وابنُ المُنْذِرِ، وقال أبو حنيفةَ: لا يَصِحُّ حتى يَذْكُرَ الوَقْتَ أو المالَ، أو صِنْفًا من الثِّيابِ. وقال مالِكٌ والشَّافِعِىُّ: يُشْتَرَطُ ذِكْرُ شَرَائِط الوَكالَةِ؛ [لأنَّ شَرَائِطَ الوَكَالَةِ مُعْتَبَرَةٌ في ذلك، من تَعَيُّنِ الجِنسِ وغيرِه من شَرَائِط الوَكَالَةِ] (٤). ولَنا، أنَّهما اشْتَرَكَا في الابتِياعِ، وأَذِنَ كلُّ واحدٍ منهما للآخَرِ فيه،

Notes

(٢) في ازيادة: "ما".(٣) سقط من: الأصل، أ، ب.(٤) سقط من: الأصل.

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