It was said: O Messenger of Allah, what is their due? He said: "Lending their bucket, allowing the use of their stud-camel, and giving the gift of their milk on the day they are brought to water." Thus, Allah the Exalted condemned the one who withholds the loan, and the Messenger of Allah - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - threatened him with what he mentioned in his report. Our evidence is the saying of the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace -: "If you pay the zakat of your wealth, you have fulfilled what is incumbent upon you." Narrated by Ibn al-Mundhir. It is also narrated from the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - that he said: "There is no due in wealth other than the zakat." In the hadith of the bedouin who asked the Messenger of Allah - may Allah bless him and grant him peace -: "What has Allah obligated upon me regarding charity?" He replied: "Zakat." He asked: "Is there anything else upon me?" He said: "No, unless you volunteer something," or as he said. The verse has been interpreted by Ibn 'Umar, al-Hasan al-Basri, and also Zayd ibn Aslam as referring to zakat. 'Ikrimah said: If he combines the three, then he is doomed: if he is neglectful of his prayer, practices showing off, and withholds the al-ma'un. It is obligatory to return the loan if it remains in existence, without disagreement. It is obligatory to guarantee it if it has perished, whether the borrower transgressed regarding it or did not. This was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas and Abu Hurayra. 'Ata', al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq held this view. Al-Hasan, al-Nakha'i, al-Sha'bi, 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, al-Thawri, Abu Hanifah, Malik, al-Awza'i, and Ibn Shubruma said: It is a trust (amanah) that does not require a guarantee except by transgression, due to what 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb narrated from his father, from his grandfather, that the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - said: "The borrower, other than the traitor, has no guarantee." And because he took possession of it with the permission of its owner, it is a trust, like a deposit (wadi'ah). They said: The saying of the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - "The loan is to be returned" indicates that it is a trust, due to the saying of Allah, the Exalted: "Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due" (Surah An-Nisa': 58).
(7) Narrated by Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Sin of Withholding Zakat, from the Book of Zakat. Sahih Muslim 2/684, 685. Al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on the Withholder of Zakat of Cattle, from the Book of Zakat. Al-Mujtaba 5/18. Al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on Those Who Do Not Pay Zakat on Camels, Cows, and Sheep, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan al-Darimi 1/379, 380. Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 3/321. None of the authors of these sources narrated it from Abu Hurayra with this wording; rather, they narrated it from Jabir ibn 'Abd Allah. See Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 4/26-30, Al-Fath al-Rabbani 8/198, 15/128, 129, and Irwa' al-Ghalil 5/346, 347. (8) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on What Has Been Said Regarding 'If You Pay Zakat, You Have Fulfilled What Is Upon You', from the Chapters on Zakat. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 3/97. Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on What Is Not a Treasure If Its Zakat Is Paid, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/570. (9) Its authentication was provided previously on 4/7. (10) Its authentication was provided previously on 2/7. (11) Omitted from: B, M. (12) Al-mughill: the traitor. (13) Narrated by al-Bayhaqi, in: The Chapter on Those Who Say There Is No Liability, from the Book of Sales. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 6/91. And 'Abd al-Razzaq, in: The Chapter on Loan for Use, from the Book of Sales. Al-Musannaf 8/178. And al-Daraqutni, in: The Book of Sales. Sunan al-Daraqutni 3/41.
قيل: يا رسُولَ اللَّه: وما حَقُّهَا؟ قال: "إِعَارَةُ دَلْوِهَا، وإِطْرَاقُ فَحْلِها، ومِنْحَةُ لَبَنِها يَوْمَ وِرْدِهَا" (٧). فذَمَّ اللهُ تعالى مانِعَ العَارِيَّةِ، وَتَوَعَدَّهُ رسولُ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- بما ذكَر في خَبَرِه. ولَنا، قولُ النبيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "إذَا أَدَّيْتَ زَكَاةَ مَالِكَ، فَقَدْ قَضَيْتَ ما عَلَيْكَ". رَوَاهُ ابن المُنْذِرِ (٨). ورُوِىَ عن النبيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه قال: "لَيْسَ في الْمَالِ حَقٌّ سِوَى الزَّكَاةِ" (٩). وفي حَدِيثِ الأَعْرَابِىِّ الذي سَأَلَ رسولَ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: ماذا فرَضَ اللهُ عَلَىَّ من الصَّدَقَةِ؟ قال: "الزَّكَاة". فقال: هل عَلَىَّ غيرُها؟ قال: "لَا، إلَّا أنْ تَطَوَّعَ شَيْئًا" (١٠). أو كما قال. والآية فَسَّرَها ابنُ عمرَ والحسنُ البَصْرِىُّ بالزَّكَاةِ، وكذلك زَيْدُ بن أسْلَمَ. وقال عِكْرِمَةُ: إذا جَمَعَ ثَلَاثَتَها فله الوَيْلُ، إذا سَهَا عن الصَّلَاةِ، ورَاءَى، ومَنَعَ الماعُونَ. ويَجِبُ رَدُّ العارِيَّةِ إن كانت باقِيَةً. بغيرِ خِلَافٍ. ويَجِبُ ضَمَانُها إذا كانت تَالِفَةً، تَعَدَّى فيها المُسْتَعِيرُ أو لم يَتَعَدَّ. رُوِىَ ذلك عن (١١) ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ وأبى هُرَيْرَةَ. وإليه ذَهَبَ عَطَاءٌ، والشَّافِعِىُّ، وإسحاقُ. وقال الحَسَنُ، والنَّخَعِىُّ، والشَّعْبِىُّ، وعمرُ بن عبد العَزِيزِ، والثَّوْرِىُّ، وأبو حنيفةَ، ومالِكٌ، والأَوْزَاعِىُّ، وابنُ شُبْرُمَةَ: هي أمَانَةٌ لا يَجِبُ ضَمَانُها إلَّا بالتَّعَدِّى؛ لما رَوَى عَمْرُو بن شُعَيْبٍ، عن أبِيهِ، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النبيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "لَيْسَ عَلَى المُسْتَعِيرِ غَيْرُ المُغِلِّ (١٢)، ضَمَانٌ" (١٣). ولأنَّه قَبَضَها بإِذْنِ
(٧) أخرجه مسلم، في: باب إثم مانع الزكاة، من كتاب الزكاة. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٦٨٤، ٦٨٥. والنسائي، في: باب مانع زكاة البقر، من كتاب الزكاة. المجتبى ٥/ ١٨. والدارمى، في: باب من لم يؤد زكاة الإِبل والبقر والغنم، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن الدارمي ١/ ٣٧٩، ٣٨٠. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ٣٢١. ولم يروه أحد من أصحاب هذه المصادر عن أبي هريرة بهذا اللفظ إنما روَوه عن جابر بن عبد اللَّه. وانظر مصنف عبد الرزاق ٤/ ٢٦ - ٣٠. والفتح الربانى ٨/ ١٩٨، ١٥/ ١٢٨، ١٢٩. وإرواء الغليل ٥/ ٣٤٦، ٣٤٧.(٨) أخرجه الترمذي، في: باب ما جاء إذا أديت الزكاة فقد قضيت ما عليك، من أبواب الزكاة. عارضت الأحوذى ٣/ ٩٧. وابن ماجه، في: باب ما أدى زكاته ليس بكنز، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٥٧٠.(٩) تقدم تخريجه في: ٤/ ٧.(١٠) تقدم تخريجه في: ٢/ ٧.(١١) سقط من: ب، م.(١٢) المغل: الخائن.(١٣) أخرجه البيهقي، في: باب من قال لا يغرم، من كتاب البيوع. السنن الكبرى ٦/ ٩١. وعبد الرزاق، في: =
