negligence by the owner of the house, the door shall be torn down, and the liability lies with the owner of the young animal; because it is to salvage his property without negligence from the owner of the house. As for the piece of wood, if its breakage involves more harm than tearing down the door, it is like the young animal; but if it is less, it is broken. It is possible in the case of the young animal to hold a similar view, for whenever its slaughter involves less harm, it is slaughtered and its meat is taken out; because it is in the same category as the piece of wood. If its arrival in the house was due to aggression by its owner, such as a man who usurped a house and brought a young animal or a piece of wood into it, or committed aggression against a person and brought a horse or similar into his house, the wood is broken and the animal is slaughtered, even if its harm exceeds tearing down the building; because the cause of this harm is his aggression, so it is placed upon him rather than another. If he sells a house containing large jars that cannot be taken out except by tearing down the door, or chests or animals, and tearing down the door involves less harm than keeping them in the house, or taking them apart, or slaughtering the animal, it is torn down, and the repair is upon the seller; because it is to salvage his property. If it involves more harm, it is not torn down; because there is no benefit in it, and they shall come to an agreement regarding it, either by the purchaser of the house buying it, or by other means.
Section: If he usurps a gemstone and a beast swallows it, our companions said: Its ruling is the same as the thread with which he sewed its wound. It is possible that when the gemstone is more valuable than the animal, the animal is slaughtered and returned to its owner, and the liability for the animal falls on the usurper, unless the animal is a human. This differs from the thread, because it is usually of less value than the animal, while the gemstone is more valuable. Thus, in slaughtering the animal, one observes the right of the owner by returning the essence of his property to him, and observes the right of the usurper by reducing the liability upon him. If a man's sheep swallows the gemstone of another—not having been usurped—and it cannot be removed except by slaughtering the sheep, it is slaughtered if the harm of its slaughter is less, and the liability for its loss falls on the owner of the gemstone; because it is to salvage his property, unless the negligence was on the part of the owner of the
(15) Omitted from the original. (16) Al-Khabiyah: A container for water that is kept in. (17) In the original: "wa-yufariq" (and it differs).
تَفْرِيطٍ من صَاحِبِ الدّارِ، [نَقَضَ البابَ، وضَمَانُه على صَاحِبِ الفَصِيلِ؛ لأنَّه لِتَخْلِيصِ مالِه من غيرِ تَفْرِيطٍ من صاحِبِ الدّارِ] (١٥). وأمَّا الخَشَبَةُ فإنْ كان كَسْرُها أَكْثَرَ ضَرَرًا مِن نَقْضِ البابِ، فهى كالفَصِيلِ، وإن كان أقَلَّ، كُسِرَتْ. ويَحْتَمِلُ في الفَصِيلِ مثلَ هذا، فإنَّه متى كان ذَبْحُه أقَلَّ ضَرَرًا، ذُبِحَ وأُخْرِجَ لَحْمُهُ؛ لأنَّه في مَعْنَى الخَشَبةِ، وإن كان حُصُولُه في الدّارِ بِعُدْوَانٍ من صَاحِبِه، كرَجُلٍ غَصَبَ دَارًا فأَدْخَلَهَا فَصِيلًا، أو خَشَبَةً، أو تَعَدَّى على إِنْسانٍ، فأَدْخَلَ دَارَه فَرَسًا ونحوَها، كُسِرَتِ الخَشَبةُ، وذُبِحَ الحَيَوانُ، وإن زادَ ضَرَرُه على نَقْضِ البِنَاءِ؛ لأنَّ سَبَبَ هذا الضَّرَرِ عُدْوَانُه، فيُجْعَلُ عليه دُونَ، غيرِه. ولو بَاعَ دارًا فيها خَوَابِى (١٦) لا تَخْرُجُ إلَّا بِنَقْضِ البابِ، أو خَزَائِنُ أو حَيَوانٌ، وكان نَقْضُ الباب أقَلَّ ضَرَرًا من بَقَاءِ ذلك في الدَّارِ، أو تَفْصِيلِه، أو ذَبْحِ الحَيَوانِ، نُقِضْ، وكان إِصْلَاحُه على البائِعِ؛ لأنَّه لِتَخْلِيصِ مالِه، وإن كان أكْثَرَ ضَرَرًا، لم يُنْقَضْ؛ لأنَّه لا فائِدَةَ فيه، ويَصْطَلِحَانِ على ذلك، إمَّا بأن يَشْتَرِيَهُ مُشْتَرِى الدَّارِ، أو غيرِ ذلك.
فصل: وإن غَصَبَ جَوْهَرَةً، فَابْتَلَعَتْها بَهِيمَةٌ، فقال أصْحَابُنا: حُكْمُها حُكْمُ الخَيْطِ الذي خَاطَ به جُرْحَها. ويَحْتَمِلُ أنَّ الجَوْهَرَةَ متى كانت أَكْثَرَ من قِيمَةِ الحَيَوانِ، ذُبِحَ الحَيَوانُ، وَرُدَّتْ إلى مَالِكِها، وضَمَانُ الحَيَوانِ على الغاصِبِ، إلَّا أن يكونَ الحَيَوانُ آدَمِيًّا. وفارَقَ (١٧) الخَيْطَ؛ لأنَّه في الغالِبِ أقَلُّ قِيمَةً من الحَيَوانِ، والجَوْهَرَةُ أكْثَرُ قِيمَةً، ففى ذَبْحِ الحَيَوانِ رِعَايَةُ حَقِّ المالِكِ بِرَدِّ عَيْنِ مالِه إليه، ورِعَايَةُ حَقِّ الغاصِبِ بِتَقْلِيلِ الضَّمَانِ عليه. وإن ابْتَلَعَتْ شَاةُ رَجُلٍ جَوْهَرَةَ آخَرَ غيرَ مَغْصُوبَةٍ، ولم يُمْكِنْ إخْرَاجُها إلَّا بِذَبْحِ الشَّاةِ، ذُبِحَتْ إذا كان ضَرَرُ ذَبْحِها أقَلَّ، وكان ضَمَانُ نَقْصِها على صاحِبِ الجَوْهَرَةِ؛ لأنَّه لِتَخْلِيصِ مالِه، إلَّا أن يكونَ التَّفْرِيطُ من صاحِبِ
(١٥) سقط من: الأصل.(١٦) الخابية: وعاء الماء الذي يحفظ فيه.(١٧) في الأصل: "ويفارق".