It intends thereby to permit each of the two racers to pay a wager, while lacking the meaning of the 'muhallil' in it, which is being in a state that potentially allows him to take the wagers of both. This indicates the invalidation of every ruse that is not intended for anything other than permitting what is forbidden, while lacking the underlying meaning for it. Our scholars have cited as evidence what was narrated by Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), that he said: "Do not commit what the Jews committed, so that you deem the prohibitions of Allah lawful by the slightest of ruses" (40). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "May Allah curse the Jews; for when Allah forbade them their fat (41), they rendered it, then sold it, and consumed its price." Muttafaq 'alayh (agreed upon) (42). This is because Allah the Almighty blamed those who deceive Him with His saying, the Almighty: {They seek to deceive Allah and those who believe, while they deceive none but themselves, and they perceive [it] not} (43). Ruses are a form of deception, and Allah the Almighty transformed those who transgressed regarding the Sabbath into apes because of their ruse. It is narrated that they would set their nets on Friday, and some of them would dig pits and release water into them on Friday. When the fish came (44) on the Sabbath, they would fall into the nets and pits, so they would leave them until Sunday night, take them, and say, "We did not hunt anything on the Sabbath." Thus, Allah the Almighty transformed them due to their ruses (45). And He, the Almighty, said: {And We made it a deterrent to those [that were]}.
(40) Mentioned by Hafiz Ibn Kathir in the interpretation of Surah al-A'raf, verse 163. Tafsir Ibn Kathir 3/492. See Irwa' al-Ghalil 5/375. (41) In the original: "al-shuhum". (42) Its extraction was mentioned previously in: 6/321. Added to it: Extracted by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on not melting the fat of a dead animal and not selling its grease, from the Book of Sales; and in: Chapter on His saying {And for those who are Jews We have forbidden...}, from the interpretation of Surah al-An'am, from the Book of Interpretation. Sahih al-Bukhari 3/107, 6/72. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on the prohibition of benefiting from the fat of a dead animal, and Chapter on the prohibition of benefiting from what Allah the Almighty has forbidden, from the Book of Sales. al-Mujtaba 7/156, 157, 273. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on trade in wine, from the Book of Drinks. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/732, 1122. And al-Darimi, in: Chapter on the prohibition of wine and its purchase, from the Book of Drinks. Sunan al-Darimi 2/115. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 1/25, 247, 293, 322, 2/117, 362, 3/370, 4/227. (43) Surah al-Baqarah 9. (44) In the original: "kana". (45) In [B], [M]: "bi-hilatihim" (by their ruses).
يَقْصِدُ به إباحَةَ إخْرَاجِ كلِّ واحدٍ من المُتَسَابِقينِ جَعْلًا، مع عَدَمِ مَعْنَى المُحَلَّلِ فيه، وهو كونُه بحالٍ يَحْتَمِلُ أن يَأْخُذَ سَبْقَيْهِمَا، وهذا يَدُلُّ على إبْطالِ كل حِيلَةٍ لم يُقْصَدْ بها إلَّا إباحَةُ المُحَرَّمِ. مع عَدَمِ المَعْنَى فيها. واسْتَدَلَّ أصْحابُنا بما رَوَى أبو هُرَيْرةَ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه، عن النبيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه قال: "لا تَرْكَبُوا ما ارْتَكَبَتِ اليَهُودُ، فَتَسْتَحِلُّوا مَحَارِمَ اللهِ بِأَدْنَى الْحِيَلِ" (٤٠). وقال النبيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "لَعَنَ اللهُ اليَهُودَ، إنَّ اللهَ لَمَّا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِم شُحُومَها (٤١) جَمَلُوهُ، ثُمَّ بَاعُوهُ، وَأَكَلُوا ثَمَنَهُ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٤٢). ولأنَّ اللهَ تعالى ذَمَّ المُخادِعِينَ له بقولِه تعالى: {يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ} (٤٣). والحِيَلُ مُخَادَعَةٌ، وقد مَسَخَ اللهُ تعالى الذينَ اعْتَدَوْا في السَّبْتِ قِرَدَةً بِحِيلَتِهِم، فإنَّه رُوِى أَنَّهم كانوا يَنْصِبُونَ شِبَاكَهُم يوم الجُمُعةِ، ومنهم من يَحْفِرُ جِبَابًا، ويُرْسِلُ الماءَ إليها يومَ الجُمُعةِ، فإذا جاءتِ (٤٤) الحِيتانُ يوم السَّبْتِ، وَقَعَتْ في الشِّبَاكِ والجِبَابِ، فيَدَعُونَها إلى لَيْلةِ الأَحَدِ، فيَأْخُذُونَها، ويقولون: ما اصْطَدْنَا يوم السَّبْتِ شَيْئًا، فمَسَخَهُم اللَّه تعالى بحِيَلِهم (٤٥). وقال تعالى: {فَجَعَلْنَاهَا نَكَالًا لِمَا
(٤٠) ذكره الحافظ ابن كثير في تفسير سورة الأعراف آية ١٦٣. تفسير ابن كثير ٣/ ٤٩٢. وانظر إرواء الغليل ٥/ ٣٧٥.(٤١) في الأصل: "الشحوم".(٤٢) تقدم تخريجه في: ٦/ ٣٢١. ويضاف إليه: وأخرجه البخاري، في: باب لا يذاب شحم الميتة ولا يباع ودكه، من كتاب البيوع، وفى: باب قوله {وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا. . .} , من تفسير سورة الأنعام، من كتاب التفسير. صحيح البخاري ٣/ ١٠٧، ٦/ ٧٢. والنسائي، في: باب النهى عن الانتفاع بشحوم الميتة، وباب النهى عن الانتفاع بما حرم اللَّه عز وجل، من كتاب البيوع. المجتبى ٧/ ١٥٦، ١٥٧، ٢٧٣. وابن ماجه، في: باب التجارة في الخمر، من كتاب الأشربة. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٣٢، ١١٢٢. والدارمى، في: باب النهى عن الخمر وشرائها، من كتاب الأشربة. سنن الدارمي ٢/ ١١٥. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ١/ ٢٥، ٢٤٧، ٢٩٣، ٣٢٢، ٢/ ١١٧، ٣٦٢، ٣/ ٣٧٠، ٤/ ٢٢٧.(٤٣) سورة البقرة ٩.(٤٤) في الأصل: "كان".(٤٥) في ب، م: "بحيلتهم".