True ijarah (hiring) is the only one in which the conditions of ijarah are considered. As for when muzara'a is intended by the term 'ijarah', then nothing is required for it other than the condition of muzara'a.
Section: By the absolute [nature of the] musaqat contract, the worker is obligated to perform tasks that contribute to the sound state and growth of the fruit, such as plowing the land beneath the trees, the oxen used for plowing, the plowing equipment, irrigating the trees, drawing water, repairing and cleaning water channels, cutting harmful weeds and thorns, cutting dead trees, pruning the vines, cutting whatever needs to be cut, leveling the fruit, and maintaining the ajajin—which are the pits where water collects at the base of date palms—operating the water wheel, and guarding the fruit while it is on the trees and afterwards until it is divided. If it is of a type that requires drying in the sun, he is responsible for drying it. The orchard owner is responsible for tasks related to maintaining the asset itself, such as repairing walls, constructing canals, building the water wheel, digging its well, and purchasing what is used for pollination. Some scholars expressed this with another phrase, saying: Everything that repeats every year is the responsibility of the worker, and what does not repeat is the responsibility of the orchard owner. This is correct regarding labor. As for purchasing what is used for pollination, it is the responsibility of the orchard owner even if it repeats, because this is not considered labor. As for the ox that turns the water wheel, our companions said: It is the responsibility of the orchard owner because it is not part of the labor, so it resembles that which is used for pollination. However, the more correct view is that it is the responsibility of the worker, because it is required for the work, so it resembles the plowing oxen; and because the drawing of water is the worker's responsibility if it does not require an animal, so it remains his responsibility if it does require an animal, like other tasks. Some of the Shafi'i companions said: Whatever relates to the soundness of both the root-stock and the fruit, such as clearing the canal and the ox, is the responsibility of whichever of the two was stipulated to provide it. If the condition for that is neglected for one of them, the musaqat is not valid.
(42) In [B]: "lafz" (term/wording). (43) Omitted from the original [manuscript]. (44) Al-zibar: The pruning of vines by removing poor branches and some healthy ones using a sickle or similar tool. (45) In the original [manuscript]: "lil-thamara" (for the fruit). (46) In the original [manuscript] and [B]: "ka-kash al-nahr" (like clearing the canal). (47) Omitted from [B].
الإِجَارَةِ الحَقِيقِيَّةِ، أمَّا إذا أرِيدَ بالإِجَارَةِ المُزَارَعَةُ، فلا يُشْتَرَطُ لها غيرُ شَرْطِ المُزَارَعةِ.
فصل: ويَلْزَمُ العامِلَ بإطْلَاقِ عَقْدِ (٤٢) المُساقاةِ ما فيه صَلَاحُ الثَّمرَةِ وزِيَادَتُها، مثل حَرْثِ الأرْضِ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرِ (٤٣)، والبَقَرِ التي تَحْرُثُ، وَآلةِ الحَرْثِ، وسَقْىِ، الشَّجَرِ، واسْتِقَاءِ الماءِ، واصْلَاحِ طُرُقِ الماءِ وتَنْقِيَتِها، وقَطْعِ الحَشِيشِ المُضِرِّ والشَّوْكِ، وقَطْعِ الشَّجَرِ اليَابِسِ، وزِبارِ الكَرْم (٤٤)، وقَطْعِ ما يَحْتاجُ إلى قَطْعِه، وتَسْوِيَةِ الثّمَرةِ، وإصْلَاحِ الأجَاجِين، وهى الحُفَرُ التي يَجْتَمِعُ فيها الماءُ على أصُولِ النَّخْلِ، وإدَارَةِ الدُّولَابِ، والحِفْظِ لِلثَّمَرِ (٤٥) في الشَّجَرِ وبعدَه حتى يُقَسَّمَ، وإن كان مما يُشَمَّسُ فعليه تَشْمِيسُه، وعلى رَبِّ المالِ ما فيه حِفْظُ الأصْلِ، كسَدِّ الحِيطَانِ، وإنْشَاءِ الأنْهارِ، وعَمَلِ الدُّولَابِ، وحَفْرِ بِئْرِه، وشِرَاءِ ما يُلَقَّحُ به. وعَبَّرَ بعضُ أهْلِ العِلْمِ عن هذا بِعِبَارَةٍ أخرى، فقال: كلُّ ما يَتَكَرَّرُ كلَّ عامٍ فهو على العامِلِ، وما لا يَتَكَرَّرُ فهو على رَبِّ المالِ. وهذا صَحِيحٌ في العَمَلِ. فأمَّا شِرَاءُ ما يُلَقَّحُ به، فهو علي رَبِّ المالِ وإن تَكَرَّرَ؛ لأنَّ هذا ليس من العَمَلِ. فأمَّا البَقَرَةُ التي تُدِيرُ الدُّوَلابَ، فقال أصْحَابُنا: هي على رَبِّ المالِ؛ لأنَّها ليست من العَمَلِ، فأشْبَهَتْ ما يُلَقَّحُ به. والأَوْلَى أنَّها على العامِلِ؛ لأنَّها تُرَادُ لِلْعَمَلِ، فأشْبَهَتْ بَقَرَ الحَرْثِ، ولأنَّ اسْتِقَاءَ الماءِ على العامِلِ إذا لم يَحْتَجْ إلى بَهِيمَةٍ فكان عليه، وإن احْتاجَ إلى بَهِيمَةٍ كغيرِه من الأعْمالِ. وقال بعضُ أصْحابِ الشَّافِعِىِّ: ما يَتَعَلَّقُ بصَلَاحِ الأُصُولِ والثَّمرَةِ معًا، [كالكَسْحِ للنَّهْرِ] (٤٦)، والثَّوْرِ، فهو على من شُرِطَ عليه (٤٧) منهما، وإن أُهْمِلَ شَرْطُ ذلك على أحَدِهِما، لم تَصِحَّ المُسَاقاةُ.
(٤٢) في ب: "لفظ".(٤٣) سقط من: الأصل.(٤٤) الزِّبار: تخفيف الكرم من الأغصان الرديئة وبعض الجيدة بقطعها بمنجل ونحوه.(٤٥) في الأصل: "للثمرة".(٤٦) في الأصل، ب: "ككسح النهر".(٤٧) سقط من: ب.