the two guarantors, and the debtor is not absolved; due to what has preceded. If he absolves the second guarantor, he is absolved alone. Whenever liability is absolved through release (ibra'), there is no recourse (ruju') in it under any circumstances, because recourse is associated with loss (ghurm), and there is no loss in a release. Kafala (suretyship) is like daman (guarantee) in all of this meaning, and it increases with the fact that if the party whose body is guaranteed (makful 'anhu) dies, his two sureties are absolved. If the first surety dies, the second is absolved without the party whose body is guaranteed; because the documentation has dissolved without satisfaction, so it resembles a pledge. If the second surety dies, he is absolved alone.

Section: If the debtor guarantees the guarantor, or the one whose body is guaranteed acts as a surety for the surety, it is not valid; because a guarantee requires binding the right upon one's liability, and the right is already binding upon him, so it is not conceivable to bind it a second time. Also, because he is a principal in this debt, it is not permissible for him to become a dependent within it. If he guarantees another debt for him, or acts as a surety for another right, it is permissible; due to the absence of what we have mentioned regarding it.

Section: It is permissible for two or more people to guarantee the right on behalf of a single man, whether each of them guarantees the whole of it or a part of it. If each of them guarantees the whole of it, each of them is absolved by the performance of one of them. If he absolves the debtor, all are absolved; because they are branches to him. If one of the guarantors is absolved, he is absolved alone, and the others are not absolved; because they are not branches to him, so they are not absolved by his absolution, like the debtor. If one of them guarantees his companion, it is not permissible; because the right is established in his liability by his original guarantee, so it is not permissible for it to be established a second time, and because he is a principal in it by virtue of the guarantee, so it is not permissible for him to become a branch in it. If two men act as sureties for one man, it is permissible. It is permissible for each of the