Section: It is permissible to lease an animal for work, because it is a permitted benefit for which the animal was created, so leasing it is permissible, just as it is for riding. If one leases oxen for plowing, it is permissible; [because oxen were created for plowing]. For this reason, the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "While a man was driving an ox, he wanted to ride it, but it said, 'I was not created for this; I was only created for plowing.'" Agreed upon. It requires two conditions: knowing the land and estimating the work. As for the land, it is not known except by observation, because it varies; it may be hard, which fatigues the oxen and the plowman, and it may contain stones that catch on the plow, or it may be soft and easy, making it easy to plow, and mere description is insufficient, so it must be seen. As for estimating the work, it is permissible in one of two ways: either by duration, such as a day or two, or by the land, such as this plot, or from this place to that place, or by measurement, such as a mada or two mada, and the like; all of this is permissible because certainty is achieved thereby. If he estimates it by duration, one must know the oxen upon which he will work, because the objective varies according to their strength and weakness. It is permissible to lease the oxen separately, with the landowner taking charge of the plowing with them. It is permissible to lease them with their owner to take charge of the plowing with them. It is permissible to lease them with their equipment, such as the plow and the yoke, and to lease them without their equipment, in which case the equipment is provided by the landowner. It is permissible to lease oxen and others for threshing crops, because it is a permitted and intended benefit, so it resembles plowing.
(13) Omitted from: The original. (14) Reported by Al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on using oxen for plowing, from the Book of Agriculture, and in: Chapter on Abu al-Yaman told us, Shu'ayb informed us..., from the Book of Prophets, and in: Chapter on the Prophet's saying (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) 'If I were to take a bosom friend...', from the Book of the Virtues of the Prophet's Companions. Sahih al-Bukhari 3/136, 4/212, 5/6, 7. And by Muslim, in: Chapter on the Virtues of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), from the Book of Virtues. Sahih Muslim 4/1857. It was also reported by Al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on 'Abd ibn Humayd told us..., from the Chapters on Merits. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 13/140. (15) In M, there is an addition: "to". (16) Al-mada: the limit of vision and its furthest point.
فصل: ويجوزُ كِرَاءُ الدَّابَّةِ لِلْعَمَلِ؛ لأنَّها مَنْفَعةٌ مُبَاحةٌ، خُلِقَتِ الدَّابَّةُ لها، فجازَ الكِرَاءُ لها، كالرُّكُوبِ. وإن اكْتَرَى بَقَرًا لِلْحَرْثِ، جازَ؛ [لأنَّ البَقَرَ خُلِقَتْ لِلْحَرْثِ] (١٣)، ولذلك قال النبيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "بَيْنَما رَجُلٌ يَسْوقُ بَقَرَةً، أرَادَ أنْ يَرْكَبَها، فَقَالَتْ: إنِّي لَمْ أُخْلَقْ لِهذَا، إنَّما خُلِقْتُ لِلْحَرْثِ". متفق عليه (١٤). ويَحْتاجُ (١٥) شَرْطَيْنِ: مَعْرِفَةَ الأَرْضِ، وتَقْدِيرَ العَمَلِ، فأَمَّا الأرْضُ فلا تُعْرَفُ إلَّا بالمُشَاهَدةِ؛ لأنَّها تَخْتَلِفُ، فتكونُ صُلْبةً تُتْعِبُ البَقَرَ والحَرَّاثَ، وقد يكون فيها حِجَارَةٌ تَتَعَلَّقُ بالسِّكَّةِ، وتكون رَخْوَةً سَهْلةً يَسْهُلُ حَرْثُها، ولا تَأْتِى الصِّفَةُ عليها، فيَحْتاجُ إلى رُؤْيَتِها. وأمَّا تَقْدِيرُ العَمَلِ، فيجوزُ بأحدِ شَيْئَيْنِ؛ إمَّا بالمُدَّةِ، كيومٍ ويَوْمَيْن، وإمَّا بالأرْضِ، كهذه القِطْعةِ، أو من هذا المكانِ إلى هذا المكانِ، أو بالمِسَاحَةِ، كمَدًى أو مَدَيَيْن (١٦)، ونحو ذلك، كلُّ ذلك جائِزٌ؛ لأنَّ العِلْمَ يَحْصُلُ به. فإن قَدَّرَهُ بالمُدَّةِ، فلا بُدَّ من مَعْرِفةِ البَقَرِ التي يَعْمَلُ عليها؛ لأنَّ الغَرَضَ يَخْتَلِفُ باخْتِلَافِها في القُوَّةِ والضَّعْفِ. ويجوزُ أن يَسْتَأْجِرَ البَقَرَ مُفْرَدةً لِيَتَوَلَّى رَبُّ الأَرْضِ الحَرْثَ بها. ويجوزُ أن يَسْتَأْجِرَها مع صاحِبِها لِيَتَوَلَّى الحَرْثَ بها. ويجوزُ اسْتِئْجارُها بآلَتِهَا من الفَدَّانِ والنِّيرِ، واسْتِئْجارُها بدُونِ آلَتِها، وتكون الآلةُ من عندِ صاحِبِ الأرْضِ. ويجوزُ اسْتِئْجارُ البَقَرِ وغيرها لِدرَاسِ الزَّرْعِ؛ لأنَّها مَنْفَعةٌ مُبَاحةٌ مَقْصُودةٌ، فأشْبَهَتِ الحَرْثَ.
(١٣) سقط من: الأصل.(١٤) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب استعمال البقر للحراثة، من كتاب المزارعة، وفى: باب حدثنا أبو اليمان، أخبرنا شعيب. . ., من كتاب الأنبياء، وفى: باب قول النبي -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- لو كنت متخذًا خليلا. . ., من كتاب فضائل أصحاب النبي -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-. صحيح البخاري ٣/ ١٣٦، ٤/ ٢١٢، ٥/ ٦، ٧. ومسلم، في: باب من فضائل الصحابة رضى اللَّه تعالى عنهم، من كتاب الفضائل. صحيح مسلم ٤/ ١٨٥٧.كما أخرجه الترمذي، في: باب حدثنا عبد بن حميد. . ., من أبواب المناقب. عارضة الأحوذى ١٣/ ١٤٠.(١٥) في م زيادة: "إلى".(١٦) المدى: منتهى البصر وغايته.