And because it is a tree, it is permissible to lease it for that purpose, like a cut one. And because it is an intended benefit that can be fulfilled while the entity remains intact, the contract for it is permissible, as if it were a cut tree. And because it is an entity from which this benefit can be fulfilled, it is permissible to lease it for that purpose, like ropes, wood, and cut trees.
Section: It is permissible to lease sheep to tread mud or crops for the lessee. The Shafi'i scholars have two opinions regarding this because it is a benefit not intended by this animal, thus it resembles palm trees. Our view is that it is a permissible benefit that can be fulfilled from the entity while it remains intact, so it resembles leasing cattle for threshing crops.
Section: It is permissible to lease what remains of incense, sandalwood, pieces of camphor, and nadd (a type of perfume) for the sick and others to smell for a known period, after which they return it, because it is a permissible benefit, so it resembles weighing and adornment, even though it is not devoid of wear and deterioration.
Section: It is permissible to lease a wall to place known pieces of wood upon it for a known period. Al-Shafi'i held this view, whereas Abu Hanifa said: It is not permissible. Our view is that this is an intended benefit that is capable of being delivered and fulfilled, so the lease contract for it is permissible, like leasing a rooftop to sleep upon.
Section: It is permissible to lease a house to use as a mosque in which to pray. Malik and al-Shafi'i held this view, while Abu Hanifa said: It is not valid, because the act of prayer cannot be entitled through a lease contract under any circumstances, so the lease for it is not permissible. Our view is that this is a permissible benefit that can be fulfilled from the entity while it remains intact, so it is permissible to lease the entity for it, like dwelling. It differs from prayer itself, as prayer does not admit substitution, unlike the construction of mosques.
(23) In the original: "li-yashtammahu". (24) In B and M: "yarudduha".
ولأنَّها شَجَرَةٌ، فجازَ اسْتِئْجارُها لذلك كالمَقْطُوعةِ، ولأنَّها مَنْفَعةٌ مَقْصُودةٌ، يُمْكِنُ اسْتِيفاؤُها مع بَقَاءِ العَيْنِ، فجازَ العَقْدُ عليها، كما لو كانت مَقْطُوعةً، ولأنَّها عَيْنٌ، يُمْكِنُ اسْتِيفاءُ هذه المَنْفَعةِ منها، فجازَ اسْتِئْجارُها لها، كالحِبَالِ والخَشَبِ والشَّجَرِ المَقْطُوعِ.
فصل: ويجوزُ اسْتِئْجارُ غَنَمٍ لِتَدُوسَ له طِينًا أو زَرْعًا. ولأصْحابِ الشافِعِيِّ فيه وَجْهانِ؛ لأنَّها مَنْفَعةٌ غيرُ مَقْصُودَةٍ من هذا الحَيَوانِ، فأشْبَهَتِ النَّخِيلَ. ولَنا، أنَّها مَنْفَعةٌ مُبَاحةٌ، يُمْكِنُ اسْتِيفاؤُها من العَيْنِ مع بَقَائِها، فأشْبَهَتِ اسْتِئْجارَ البَقَرِ لدِيَاسِ الزَّرْعِ.
فصل: ويجوزُ اسْتِئْجارُ ما يَبْقَى من الطِّيبِ والصَّنْدَلِ وأقْطاعِ الكافُورِ والنَّدِّ، لِتَشَمَّهُ (٢٣) المَرْضَى وغيرُهم مُدَّةً، ثم يرُدُّهُ (٢٤)؛ لأنَّها مَنْفَعةٌ مُبَاحةٌ، فأَشْبَهتِ الوَزْنَ والتَّحَلِّي، مع أنَّه لا يَنْفَكُّ من إخْلَاقٍ وبِلًى.
فصل: وتجوزُ إجَارةُ الحائِطِ، لِيَضَعَ عليها خَشَبًا مَعْلُومًا، مُدّةً مَعْلُومةً. وبه قال الشافِعِيُّ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: لا يجوزُ. ولَنا، أنَّ هذه مَنفَعةٌ مَقْصُودةٌ، مَقْدُورٌ على تَسْلِيمِها واسْتِيفَائِها، فجازَ عَقْدُ الإِجَارةِ عليها، كاسْتِئْجارِ السَّطْحِ لِلنَّوْمِ عليه.
فصل: ويجوزُ اسْتِئْجارُ دارٍ يَتَّخِذُها مَسْجِدًا يُصَلِّي فيه. وبه قال مالِكٌ، والشافِعِيُّ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: لا يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّ فِعْلَ الصَّلاةِ لا يجوزُ اسْتِحْقاقُه بِعَقْدِ إجَارَةٍ بحالٍ، فلا تجوزُ الإِجَارَةُ لذلك. ولَنا، أنَ هذه مَنْفَعةٌ مُبَاحةٌ، يُمْكِنُ اسْتِيفاؤُها من العَيْنِ مع بَقَائِها، فجازَ اسْتِئْجارُ العَيْنِ لها، كالسُّكْنَى، ويُفَارِقُ الصَّلاةَ، فإنَّها لا تَدْخُلُها النِّيَابةُ، بخِلَافِ بِنَاءِ المَسَاجِدِ.
(٢٣) في الأصل: "ليشتمه".(٢٤) في ب، م: "يردها".