The prayer is called (19) al-'isha' al-akhirah, which indicates (20) that the first one is the Maghrib, and it is so in usage, so it is necessary that the ruling be tied to it; because when a duration is set to a time, it is tied to its beginning, just as if he set it to night. What they mentioned is not correct, because the term 'ashi is different from the term 'isha', so it is not permissible to use one as proof against the other until evidence is established that the meaning of the two terms is the same. Even if it were established that their meanings were the same, if those familiar with common usage do not recognize it, no ruling can be tied to it. The same ruling applies if he rents it until the 'ashi, because those familiar with common usage do not recognize anything other than what we have mentioned. If he rents it until night, it is until its beginning. Likewise, if he rents it until the day, it is until its beginning. It is possible to interpret that the night is included in the first duration, and the day in the second, based on what we have mentioned in [the duration of the option] (21), but the first is more correct. If he rents it for a day, it is until sunset. If he rents it for a night, it is until the break of dawn, according to the opinion of everyone, because Allah the Almighty said regarding the Night of Decree: {Peace it is until the rise of dawn} (22). And the Almighty said: {It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]} then He said: {And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until the night} (23).
Section: If he rents a tent to Mecca and does not say when I will depart (24), the rental is invalid. This is the view of Abu Thawr, and it is the analogical deduction (qiyas) of the view of Al-Shafi'i. The proponents of reason (Ashab al-Ra'y) said: It is permissible by way of juristic preference (istihsan),
= And it is added to it: Muslim also recorded it, in: The Chapter on the Time of 'Isha and its Delay, from the Book of Mosques and Places of Prayer. Sahih Muslim 1/442. (19) In [B], there is an addition: "with the prayer". (20) In the original and [B]: "fa-yadullu". (21) In the original: "these reports". (22) Surah Al-Qadr 5. (23) Surah Al-Baqarah 187. (24) Omitted from the original.
الصَّلَاةَ تُسَمَّى (١٩) العِشَاءَ الآخِرَةَ، فدلَّ (٢٠) على أنَّ الأُولَى المَغْرِبُ، وهو في العُرْفِ كذلك، فوَجَبَ أن يَتَعَلَّقَ الحُكْمُ به؛ لأنَّ المُدَّةَ إذا جُعِلَتْ إلى وَقْتٍ تَعَلَّقَتْ بأَوَّلِه، كما لو جَعَلَها إلى اللَّيْلِ. وما ذَكَرُوه لا يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّ لَفْظَ العَشِىِّ غيرُ لَفْظِ العِشَاءِ، فلا يَجوزُ الاحْتِجاجُ بأحَدِهِما على الآخَرِ، حتى يَقُومَ دَلِيلٌ على أنَّ مَعْنَى اللَّفْظَيْنِ واحدٌ. ثم لو ثَبَتَ أنَّ مَعْنَاهُما واحدٌ، غيرَ أنَّ أهْلَ العُرْفِ لا يَعْرِفُونَه، فلا يَتَعَلَّقُ به حُكْمٌ. وكذلك الحُكْمُ فيما إذا اكْتَرَاها إلى العَشِىِّ؛ لأنَّ أهْلَ العُرْفِ لا يَعْرِفُونَ غيرَ ما ذَكَرْناه. وإن اكْتَرَاها إلى اللَّيْلِ، فهو إلى أَوَّلِه، وكذلك إن اكْتَراها إلى النَّهارِ، فهو إلى أَوَّلِه. ويَتَخَرَّجُ أن يَدْخُلَ اللَّيْلُ في المُدّةِ الأُولَى، والنَّهَارُ في الثانيةِ؛ لما ذَكَرْناه في [مُدّةِ الخِيَارِ] (٢١)، والأَوّلُ أصَحُّ. وإن اكْتَراها نَهَارًا فهو إلى غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ. وإن اكْتَراها لَيْلةً، فهى إلى طُلُوعِ الفَجْرِ، في قول الجَمِيعِ؛ لأنَّ اللهَ تعالى قال في لَيْلَةِ القَدْرِ: {سَلَامٌ هِيَ حَتَّى مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ} (٢٢). وقال تعالى: {أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ} ثم قال: {فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ} (٢٣).
فصل: وإن اكْتَرَى فُسْطَاطًا إلى مَكَّةَ، ولم يَقُلْ متى أَخْرُجُ (٢٤)، فالكِرَاءُ فاسِدٌ. وبه قال أبو ثَوْرٍ، وهو قِيَاسُ قولِ الشافِعِىِّ. وقال أصْحابُ الرَّأْى: يجوزُ اسْتِحْسانًا،
= ويضاف إليه: وأخرجه مسلم، في: باب وقت العشاء وتأخيرها، من كتاب المساجد ومواضع الصلاة. صحيح مسلم ١/ ٤٤٢.(١٩) في ب زيادة: "بصلاة".(٢٠) في الأصل، ب: "فيدل".(٢١) في الأصل: "هذه الأخبار".(٢٢) سورة القدر ٥.(٢٣) سورة البقرة ١٨٧.(٢٤) سقط من: الأصل.