We say: The mineral is owned by digging it. Or we do not say so; for if he owns it, he only owns the place he dug, whereas the vein that is in the earth, he does not own it by doing so. Whoever reaches it from another side, it is permissible for him to take it. If a mineral appears in his property such that the yield extends beyond his land, and a person digs from outside his land, he has the right to take what comes out beyond his land; because he did not own it, he only owned what is part of the components of his land. No one has the right to take what was inside his land from the internal components of the earth, just as he does not have the right to take its external components. If an unbeliever digs a mineral in the Abode of War (Dar al-Harb) and reaches the yield, then the Muslims conquer it by force, it does not become spoils of war, and the existence of his work and its non-existence are one and the same; because its cultivator did not own it by that act, and even if he did own it, the entire land becomes an endowment (waqf) for the Muslims, and this is diverted to a benefit for them, so it is designated for that, just as if it had appeared by the act of Allah the Almighty.

Section: If there is a spot in the uncultivated land (mawat) where a mineral can potentially emerge visibly, such as a spot on the seashore that turns into salt when seawater enters it, it is owned by revival, and the Imam is permitted to grant it as a fief (iqta'); because he is not restricting the Muslims by initiating it; rather, its benefit comes into existence through his action, so he is not prevented from it, like the rest of the uncultivated land. The revival of this is by preparing it for what it is suitable for, by digging its soil, leveling it, and opening a channel to it that pours water into it; because it becomes prepared for benefit through this.

Section: Whoever owns a mineral and someone else works in it without his permission, then whatever is obtained from it belongs to its owner, and the usurper has no wages for his work; because he worked in the property of another without his permission, resembling the case where he harvests the crop of another [without his permission] (21). If its owner says: "Work in it, and you shall have what comes out of it," then he is entitled to that, and the owner of the mineral has no share in it; because it is an act of permissibility from its owner, so he owns what he took, just as if he had permitted him to take from his house or his orchard. And if he says: "Work in it, on the condition that whatever God provides of yield