Yes. He said, "What are their colors?" He said, "Red." He said, "Are there any ashen ones among them?" He said, "Yes." He said, "From where did that come to it?" He said, "Perhaps a vein (ancestral trait) drew it out." He said, "And this perhaps a vein drew it out." Agreed upon. They said: If resemblance were sufficient, it would have sufficed in the case of the child of a woman who underwent li'an (imprecation), and in the case where one of the heirs acknowledges a brother and the rest deny him. Our evidence is what was narrated from 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that the Prophet - peace and blessings of Allah be upon him - entered upon her one day happy, the lines of his face beaming, and said, "Did you not see that Mujazziz al-Mudliji looked just now at Zayd and Usamah, while they had covered their heads and their feet were showing, and said: 'Indeed, these feet are of one another'?" Agreed upon. Were it not for the permissibility of relying on the Qafah, the Prophet - peace and blessings of Allah be upon him - would not have been happy with it, nor would he have relied upon it. And because 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, judged by it in the presence of the Companions, and no one denied it, so it was an consensus (ijma'). This is indicated by the statement of the Prophet - peace and blessings of Allah be upon him - regarding the child of the li'an woman: "Look at her; if she brings him forth thin-legged, as if he were a lizard (wahrah), then I see nothing but that he has lied about her. But if she brings him forth dark-eyed, curly-haired, well-built like a camel, with ample buttocks and full-calved legs, then he belongs to the one he was accused of." So she brought him forth according to that description.
(23) Reported by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter of One Who Compares an Unknown to a Known Origin..., from the Book of Holding Fast to the Quran and Sunnah. Sahih al-Bukhari 9/125. And Muslim, in: The Book of Li'an (Imprecation). Sahih Muslim 2/1137. It was also reported by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter: If One Doubts the Child, from the Book of Divorce. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/525. And al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter: If One Alludes to His Wife..., from the Book of Divorce. al-Mujtaba 6/146, 147. (24) Reported by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter: Description of the Prophet - peace and blessings of Allah be upon him -, from the Book of Virtues, and in: The Chapter: Virtues of Zayd ibn Harithah, the freed slave of the Prophet - peace and blessings of Allah be upon him -, from the Book of Virtues, and in: The Chapter: The Physiognomist (al-Qa'if), from the Book of Inheritance. Sahih al-Bukhari 4/229, 5/29, 8/195. And Muslim, in: The Chapter: Acting upon the Physiognomist's Attaching of a Child, from the Book of Suckling. Sahih Muslim 2/1081, 1082. It was also reported by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on the Qafah, from the Book of Divorce. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/526. And al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter: What Has Been Said Regarding the Qafah, from the Chapters of Clientship (Wala'). 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 8/290, 291. And al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter: The Qafah, from the Book of Divorce. al-Mujtaba 6/151, 152. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter: The Qafah, from the Book of Judgments. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/787. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 6/82, 226. (25) Hamsh al-saqayn: Meaning thin. In some copies: "ahmash". (26) Al-wahrah: A gecko, like a house lizard. (27) Jamali: Large-limbed, complete in physique, as if it were a camel. (28) Khadlaj al-saqayn: Full-calved.
نعم. قال: "فَمَا ألْوَانُهَا؟ ". قال: حُمْرٌ. قال: "فَهَلْ فِيهَا مِنْ أَوْرَقَ؟ " قال: نعم. قال: "أنَّى أتَاهَا ذلِكَ؟ " قال: لَعَلَّ عِرْقًا نَزَعَ. قال: "وهَذَا لَعَلَّ عِرْقًا نَزَعَ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٢٣). قالوا: ولو كان الشَّبَهُ كافِيًا لَاكْتُفِىَ به في وَلَدِ المُلَاعِنَةِ، وفيما إذا أقَرَّ أحَدُ الوَرَثَةِ بأخٍ وأنْكَرَهُ الباقُونَ. ولَنا، ما رُوِى عن عائِشَةَ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنها، أنَّ النَّبىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- دَخَلَ عليها يَوْمًا مَسْرُورًا، تَبْرُقُ أسَارِيرُ وَجْهِه، فقال: "ألَمْ تَرَىْ أنَّ مُجَزِّزًا الْمُدْلِجِىَّ نَظَرَ آنِفًا إلى زَيْدٍ وأسامَةَ، وقَدْ غَطَّيَا رُءُوسَهُمَا، وبَدَتْ أقْدَامُهُمَا، فَقَالَ: إنَّ هذِهِ الْأَقْدَامَ بَعْضُها مِن بَعْضٍ؟ ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٢٤). فلولا جَوَازُ الاعْتِمادِ على القَافةِ لَما سُرَّ به النبيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، ولا اعْتَمَدَ عليه. ولأنَّ عمرَ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنه، قَضَى به بحَضْرَةِ الصَّحَابَةِ، فلم يُنْكِرْه مُنْكِرٌ، فكان إجْماعًا، ويَدُلُّ على ذلك قولُ النبيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- في وَلَدِ المُلَاعِنَةِ: "انْظرُوهَا، فَإنْ جَاءَتْ بهِ حَمْشَ السَّاقَيْنِ (٢٥) كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ (٢٦) فَلَا أرَاهُ إلَّا قَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا، وَإنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أكْحَلَ، جَعْدًا، جُمالِيًّا (٢٧)، سابِغَ الأَلْيَتَيْنِ، خَدَلَّجَ السّاقَيْنِ (٢٨)، فَهُوَ لِلَّذِى رُمِيَتْ به". فأتَتْ به على النَّعْتِ
(٢٣) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب من شبه أصلا معلوما. . ., من كتاب الاعتصام. صحيح البخاري ٩/ ١٢٥. ومسلم، في: كتاب اللعان، صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١١٣٧.كما أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب إذا شك في الولد، من كتاب الطلاق. سنن أبي داود ١/ ٥٢٥. والنسائي، في: باب إذا عرض بامرأته. . ., من كتاب الطلاق. المجتبى ٦/ ١٤٦، ١٤٧.(٢٤) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب صفة النبي -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، من كتاب المناقب، وفى: باب مناقب زيد بن حارثة مولى النبي -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، من كتاب الفضائل، وفى: باب القائف، من كتاب الفرائض. صحيح البخاري ٤/ ٢٢٩، ٥/ ٢٩، ٨/ ١٩٥. ومسلم، في: باب العمل بإلحاق القائف لولد، من كتاب الرضاع. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١٠٨١، ١٠٨٢.كما أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب في القافة، من كتاب الطلاق. سنن أبي داود ١/ ٥٢٦. والترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في القافة، من أبواب الولاء. عارضة الأحوذى ٨/ ٢٩٠، ٢٩١. والنسائي، في: باب القافة، من كتاب الطلاق. المجتبى ٦/ ١٥١، ١٥٢. وابن ماجه، في: باب القافة، من كتاب الأحكام. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٨٧. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٦/ ٨٢، ٢٢٦.(٢٥) حمش الساقين: أي رقيقهما. وفى النسخ: "أحمش".(٢٦) الوحرة: وزغة، كسام أبرص.(٢٧) جمالى: ضخم الأعضاء تام الأوصال، كأنه الجمل.(٢٨) خدلج الساقين: ممتلؤهما.