It was narrated by Ibn Majah. Al-Sha'bi said: Whoever makes a bequest, and does not act unjustly or deviate, shall have a reward equal to what he would have had if he had given it while he was healthy. As for the poor person who has needy heirs, it is not recommended for him to make a bequest, because Allah said regarding the bequest: "If he leaves wealth." The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to Sa'd: "That you leave your heirs wealthy is better than that you leave them destitute, begging from people." He also said: "Start with yourself, then with those you support." And Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said to a man who wanted to make a bequest: "You will not be leaving much; you are leaving something meager, so leave it for your heirs." It is also reported from him: "Four hundred dinars, there is no surplus in it beyond [the needs of] the heirs." It is narrated from 'Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that a man said to her: "I have three thousand dirhams and four children, shall I make a bequest?" She replied: "Bestow the three [thousand] upon the four [children]." From Ibn 'Abbas, he said: "Whoever leaves seven hundred dirhams, there is no bequest upon him." 'Urwah said: Ali entered upon a friend of his to visit him, and the man said: "I want to make a bequest." Ali said to him: "Allah, the Exalted, says: 'If he leaves wealth,' and you are only leaving something meager, so leave it to your heirs." Scholars differed regarding the amount below which a bequest is not recommended for its owner. It is narrated from Ahmad: If he leaves less than a thousand, it is not recommended for him to make a bequest. From Ali, four hundred dinars. Ibn 'Abbas said: If the deceased leaves seven hundred dirhams, he should not make a bequest. He also said: "Whoever leaves sixty dinars has not left wealth (khayr)." Tawus said: "Wealth is eighty dinars." Al-Nakha'i said: "One thousand five hundred." Abu Hanifah said: "A small amount is that the least of the heirs receives as a share fifty dirhams." What is strong in my view is that whenever the remaining wealth does not exceed the sufficiency (ghina) of the heirs, it is not recommended to make a bequest; because
(14) In: The Chapter on Bequeathing a Third, from the Book of Bequests. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/904. (15) Its extraction was mentioned previously in 4/308. (16) Omitted from M. (17) Omitted from A, and in M it is: "for him". (18) In A and M: "minhuma" (of them both) — this is a textual error.
عَلَيْكُمْ عِنْدَ وَفَاتِكُمْ بِثُلُثِ أمْوالِكُم". رَوَاهُما ابنُ ماجَه (١٤). وقال الشَّعْبِىُّ: مَنْ أوْصَى بِوَصِيَّةٍ، فلم يَجُرْ، ولم يَحِفْ، كان له من الأجْرِ مثلُ ما لو أعْطاها وهو صَحِيحٌ. وأمَّا الفَقِيرُ الذي له وَرَثَةٌ مُحْتاجُونَ، فلا يُسْتَحَبُّ له أن يُوصِىَ؛ لأنَّ اللهَ قال في الوَصِيَّةِ: {إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا}. وقال النبيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- لِسَعْدٍ: "إنَّكَ أنْ تَدَعَ وَرَثَتَكَ أغْنِيَاءَ، خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَدَعَهُمْ عالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ الناسَ". وقال: "ابْدَأْ بِنَفْسِكَ، ثُمَّ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ" (١٥). وقال علىٌّ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنه، لِرَجُلٍ أَرادَ أن يُوصِىَ: إنَّك لن تَدَعَ طائِلًا، إنَّما تَرَكْتَ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا، فدَعْهُ لِوَرَثَتِكَ. وعنه: أَرْبَعُمائة دِينَارٍ ليس فيها فَضْلٌ عن الوَرَثةِ. ورُوِى عن عائِشَةَ رَضِىَ اللَّه عنها، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لها: لِي ثَلاثَةُ آلافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وأرْبَعَةُ أوْلادٍ، أفَأُوصِى؟ فقالت: اجْعَل الثَّلَاثَةَ للأَرْبَعةِ. وعن ابن عَبَّاسٍ قال: مَنْ تَرَكَ سَبْعَمائة دِرْهَمٍ ليس عليه وَصِيَّةٌ. وقال عُرْوَةُ: دَخَلَ عَلِيٌّ على صَدِيقٍ له يَعُودُه، فقال الرَّجُلُ: إنِّي أُرِيدُ أن أُوصِىَ. فقال له علىٌّ (١٦): إنَّ اللهَ تَعالى يقولُ: {إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا}، وإنك إنما تَدَعُ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا، فدَعْهُ لِوَرَثَتِكَ. واخْتَلَفَ أهْلُ العِلْمِ في القَدْرِ الذي لا تُسْتَحَبُّ الوَصِيَّةُ (١٧) لمَالِكِه، فرُوِىَ عن أحْمَدَ: إذا تَرَكَ دون الأَلْفِ لا تُسْتَحَبُّ له (١٦) الوَصِيَّةُ. وعن عليٍّ، أرْبَعمائة دِينَارٍ. وقال ابنُ عَبّاسٍ: إذا تَرَكَ المَيِّتُ سَبْعَمائة دِرْهَمٍ، فلا يُوصِى. وقال: مَنْ تَرَكَ سِتِّينَ دِينَارًا، ما تَرَكَ خَيرًا. وقال طاوُسٌ: الخَيْرُ ثَمانُونَ دِينَارًا. وقال النَّخعِىُّ: ألْفٌ وخَمْسُمائة. وقال أبو حَنِيفَةَ: القَلِيلُ أن يُصِيبَ أقَلُّ الوَرَثَةِ سَهْمًا (١٨) خَمْسُونَ دِرْهَمًا. والذي يَقْوَى عندى، أنَّه متى كان المَتْرُوكُ لا يَفْضُلُ عن غِنَى الوَرَثةِ، فلا تُسْتَحَبُّ الوَصِيَّةُ؛ لأنَّ
(١٤) في: باب الوصية بالثلث، من كتاب الوصايا. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٩٠٤.(١٥) تقدم تخريجه في ٤/ ٣٠٨.(١٦) سقط من: م.(١٧) سقط من: أ، وفي م: "له".(١٨) في أ، م: "منهما" تحريف.
