Section: If he bequeaths to the daughters of someone, the females are included therein to the exclusion of others. We know of no disagreement regarding this, and the ambiguous hermaphrodite (al-khuntha al-mushkil) is not included among them, because we do not know if such a person is a female.

Section: If he bequeaths to the "child" (walad) of someone or the "sons" (bani) of someone, and they are not a tribe, it is for his direct offspring (walad li-sulb). As for the children of his children, if there is a contextual indicator (qarina) that points to their inclusion—such as if he bequeaths to the child of someone while he has no children other than his grandchildren, or he says: "The children of the daughters are not to be given anything," or says: "Except for the child of so-and-so," or "The child of so-and-so is to be favored over others," and similar instances—they are included; because the wording admits them and the indicator directs it toward them, making it equivalent to explicitly mentioning them. If the indicator directs to their exclusion, they receive nothing. If there are no such indicators, they are not included in the bequest, because the name "child" (walad) literally refers to the direct offspring. If it is said: "But they are included in the word of Allah the Almighty: {Allah enjoins you concerning your children: for the male is the equivalent of the portion of two females}," we say: They are only included therein if there is no son from the direct offspring present, and they are included along with the females only in the sense that they inherit what remains after the daughters, according to the detail mentioned in the laws of inheritance (fara'id). This is not possible here, so their inclusion is negated. It is possible that the children of sons may be included in the bequest if there is no indicator that excludes them, because they are included under the name "child" (walad) in every place mentioned by Allah the Almighty, such as inheritance, exclusion (hajb), and elsewhere.

Section: If he bequeaths to the children of someone, or the sons of someone, and they are a tribe, such as the Banu Hashim or the Banu Tamim, the male, female, and hermaphrodite are included therein, as well as the man's children along with them, but the children of their daughters are not included; because this is a name for the tribe, encompassing both its males and females. Allah the Almighty said: {O children of Adam} (10), {And We have honored the children of Adam} (11), meaning everyone. He also said: {And We gave the children of Israel the Scripture} (12). It is narrated that slave girls from the Ansar said: "We are slave girls from the Banu al-Najjar... How wonderful is Muhammad as a neighbor (13)." It is said: "A woman from the Banu Hashim," yet the children of daughters are not included among them because they do not trace their lineage back to that tribe.