"If you marry, I will marry, and if you remain unmarried [ata'ayyami], \nAlthough I am younger than you, I will remain unmarried." (31)\n\nOur view is that custom restricts this term to women, and the ruling follows the conventional designation. The saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "I seek refuge in Allah from the stagnation of the 'ayyim," only intended the woman, for she is the one described by this, and her stagnation is what causes harm.\n\nSection: The "uzzab" (bachelors/unmarried persons) are those who have no spouses among men and women; it is said, a man is "azab" and a woman is "azabah." He is called "azab" because of his solitude, and everything that is solitary is "azab." Dhu al-Rumma said, describing a wild bull that had become solitary (32):\n\n"The lightning flashes illuminate a gathered, white one, \nAs if he were a solitary one wearing a tunic (qaba')." (33)\n\nIt is possible that the term "azab" is specific to men (34), because it is such in common usage, whereas the terms "thayyib" (previously married) and "bikr" (virgin) are shared by both men and women. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "The virgin for the virgin is one hundred lashes and a year of exile; and the thayyib for the thayyib is flogging and stoning." (35) The "anis" refers to both men and women: the one who has grown old and has not married. Qays ibn Rifa'a al-Waqifi said (36):
(31) The second hemistich of the verse in Lisan [al-'Arab] is: "yada al-dahri ma lam tankihi ata'ayyam." In al-Taj: "abada al-dahri." (32) The verse is by Dhu al-Rumma. Diwan 1/87. (33) In M: "'an mujlamiz lahaq ka'annahu mutaqayyi'." "Mujramiz" means a bull that has contracted and gathered some of itself towards the rest. "Lahaq" means white. "Mutaqabbi" means wearing a qaba' (tunic). "'Azab" means solitary. (34) In M: "bi-al-rijal" (to men). (35) Narrated by Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Punishment for Adultery, from the Book of Legal Punishments (Hudud). Sahih Muslim 3/1316, 1317. Also Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on Stoning, from the Book of Hudud. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/455. Al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on what has been said regarding stoning for the thayyib, from the Book of Hudud. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 6/210. Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on the Punishment for Adultery, from the Book of Hudud. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/852, 853. Al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on the interpretation of the saying of Allah the Exalted: "Or Allah makes a way for them," from the Book of Hudud. Sunan al-Darimi 2/181. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 3/476, 5/313, 317, 318, 320, 321, 327. (36) Lisan [al-'Arab] and al-Taj ('n s).
فإنْ تَنْكِحِى أَنْكِحْ وَإِنْ تَتَأَيَّمِى ... وإن كنتُ أَفْتَى مِنْكُمُ أَتَأَيَّمُ (٣١)
ولَنا، أنَّ العُرْفَ يَخُصُّ النِّساءَ بهذا الاسْمِ، والحُكْمُ للاسْمِ العُرْفِيِّ. وقول النبيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "أَعُوذُ باللهِ من بَوَارِ الأَيِّمِ". إنَّما أَرَادَ به المَرْأةَ، فإنَّها التي تُوصَفُ بهذا، ويَضُرُّ بَوَارُها.
فصل: والعُزَّابُ هم الذين لا أزْواجَ لهم من الرِّجَالِ والنِّسَاءِ، يقال: رَجُلٌ عَزَبٌ، وامْرَأةٌ عَزَبَةٌ. وإنما سُمِّىَ عَزَبًا لِانْفرَادِه، وكلُّ شيءٍ انْفَرَدَ فهو عَزَبٌ، قال ذُو الرُّمَّةِ يَصِفُ ثَوْرًا من الوَحْشِ انْفَرَدَ (٣٢):
يَجْلُو البَوَارِقُ عَنْ مُجْرَمِّزٍ لَهَقٍ ... كأنَّهُ مُتَقَبِّى يَلْمَقٍ عَزَبُ (٣٣)
ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يَخْتَصَّ العَزَبُ بالرَّجلِ (٣٤)؛ لأنَّه في العُرْفِ كذلك، والثَّيِّبُ والبِكْرُ يَشْتَرِكُ فيه الرَّجُلُ والمَرْأةُ. قال النبيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "الْبِكْرُ بالبِكْرِ، جلْدُ مائةٍ، ونَفْىُ سَنَةٍ، والثَّيِّبُ بالثَّيِّبِ، الجَلْدُ والرَّجْمُ" (٣٥). والعانِسُ من الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ: الذي كَبِرَ ولم يَتَزَوَّجْ. قال قَيْسُ بن رِفاعَةَ الواقِفِىُّ (٣٦):
(٣١) عجز البيت في اللسان: "يدا الدهر ما لم تنكحى أتأيم". وفى التاج: "أبد الدهر".(٣٢) البيت لذى الرمة. ديوانه ١/ ٨٧.(٣٣) في م: "عن مجلمز لهق كأنه متقيئ". ومجرمز: ثور قد انقبض واجتمع بعضه إلى بعض. ولهق: أبيض. ومتقبى: لابس قباء. وعزب: وحده.(٣٤) في م: "بالرجال".(٣٥) أخرجه مسلم، في: باب حد الزنى، من كتاب الحدود. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٣١٦، ١٣١٧. وأبو داود، في: باب في الرجم، من كتاب الحدود. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٤٥٥. والترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في الرجم على الثيب، من كتاب الحدود. عارضة الأحوذى ٦/ ٢١٠. وابن ماجه، في: باب حد الزنى، من كتاب الحدود. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٨٥٢، ٨٥٣. والدارمى، في: باب في تفسير قول اللَّه تعالى: {أَوْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا}، من كتاب الحدود. سنن الدارمي ٢/ ١٨١. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ٤٧٦، ٥/ ٣١٣، ٣١٧، ٣١٨، ٣٢٠، ٣٢١، ٣٢٧.(٣٦) اللسان والتاج (ع ن س).