the second view, one-third of him becomes free, and his brother inherits two-thirds of him, so he becomes free for him. The seller has one-third of the favor (muhabah), and he returns two-thirds of it, which becomes an inheritance. Abu Hanifah said: One-third is for the seller, the purchaser strives for its value for his brother. Abu Yusuf and Muhammad said: He strives for half of his person and inherits half of it. Al-Shafi'i said: The favor is prioritized due to its precedence, and the free son inherits his brother and thus owns him. It is said: The sale is annulled regarding two-thirds of him, one-third of him becomes free, and the favor is not prioritized because prioritizing it implies establishing the father's ownership over his child. It is said: The sale is annulled in its entirety. If his value is one-third of a thousand, then according to the first view, he becomes free from the principal wealth, and the favor is executed in one-third of the remainder, which is two-ninths of a thousand, and the seller returns four-ninths of a thousand, which is then between the two sons. According to the other view, it holds two possibilities: one of them is prioritizing emancipation over the favor, so he becomes entirely free, and the seller returns two-thirds of a thousand, which is then between them. The second is that one-third of him becomes free, the seller has two-ninths of a thousand, and he returns four-ninths of it, as we said in the first view. Abu Hanifah said: The seller has one-third by way of favor, he returns one-third, and the son strives for his value for his brother. In the opinion of Abu Yusuf and Muhammad: The seller returns one-third of a thousand, which belongs to the free son, and the other becomes free by his share of the inheritance. It is said according to the opinion of al-Shafi'i: The seller returns one-third of a thousand, and that goes with the purchasing son to the free one. And other things were said. If he purchased him for one thousand, owning nothing else, and his value is three thousand, then whoever emancipates him from the principal wealth considers him free, and whoever considers that to be a bequest for him, emancipates one-third of him by purchase, and the remainder of him becomes free for his brother, except in the opinion of al-Shafi'i and those who agreed with him, for the free one owns the remainder of his brother, so he owns from his person the amount of two-thirds of the price, which is two-ninths of a person; because he makes his price from the third rather than his value. It is said: The sale is annulled in two-thirds of him. It is said: In all of him. Abu Hanifah said: He strives for his brother for the value of two-thirds of him.
(41) In A and M: "one-third of him". (42) In the original and M: "li-taqdimiha" (for its precedence). (43) In M: "qawlay" (the two opinions of). (44) In M: "akhadhahu" (he took it).
الثاني، يَعْتِقُ ثُلُثُه، ويَرِثُ أخُوه ثُلُثَيْه (٤١)، فيَعْتِقُ عليه، وللبائِعِ ثُلُثُ المُحاباةِ، ويَرُدُّ ثُلُثَيْها، فيكونُ مِيرَاثًا. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: الثُّلُثُ للبائِعِ، ويَسْعَى المُشْتَرِى في قِيمَتِه لأخِيه. وقال أبو يوسفَ، ومحمدٌ: يَسْعَى في نِصْفِ رَقَبَتِه، ويَرِثُ نِصْفَها. وقال الشافِعيُّ: المُحَاباةُ مُقَدَّمَةٌ لتَقَدُّمِها (٤٢)، ويَرِثُ الابْنُ الحُرُّ أخَاه فيَمْلِكُه. وقيل: يُفْسَخُ البَيْعُ في ثُلُثَيْه، ويَعْتِقُ ثُلُثُه، ولا تُقَدَّمُ المُحَاباةُ؛ لأنَّ في تَقْدِيمِها تَقْرِيرَ مِلْكِ الأبِ على وَلَدِه. وقيل: يُفْسَخُ البَيْعُ في جَمِيعِه، فإن كانت قِيمَتُه ثُلُثَ الأَلْفِ، فعلى الوَجْهِ الأَوّلِ يَعْتِقُ من رَأْسِ المالِ، وتَنْفُذُ المُحَاباةُ في ثُلُثِ الباقِى، وهو تُسْعا أَلْفٍ، ويَرُدُّ البائِعُ أرْبَعةَ أتْساعِ أَلْفٍ، فتكونُ بين الابْنَيْنِ، وعلى الوَجْهِ الآخَرِ يَحْتَمِلُ وَجْهَيْنِ؛ أحدهما، تَقْدِيمُ العِتْقِ على المُحاباةِ، فيَعْتِقُ جَمِيعُه، ويَرُدُّ البائِعُ ثُلُثَىِ الأَلْفِ، فيكونُ بينهما. والثاني، أن يَعْتِقَ ثُلُثُه، ويكونُ للبائِع تُسْعَا أَلْفٍ، ويَرُدُّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَتْساعِها، كما قلنا في الوَجْهِ الأوّلِ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: لِلبائِعِ بالمُحَاباةِ الثُّلُثُ، ويَرُدُّ الثُّلُثَ، ويَسْعَى الابْنُ في قِيمَتِه لأَخِيه. وفى قولِ أبي يوسفَ، ومحمدٍ: يَرُدُّ البائِعُ ثُلُثَ الأَلْفِ، فيكونَ لِلابْنِ الحُرِّ، ويَعْتِقُ الآخَر بِنَصِيبِه من المِيرَاثِ. وقيل عَلى قولِ الشافِعِيِّ: يَرُدُّ البائِعُ ثُلُثَ الأَلْفِ، فيكونُ ذلك مع الابْنِ المُشْتَرِى لِلْحُرِّ. وقيل غيرُ ذلك. وإن اشْتَراه بأَلْفٍ لا يَمْلِكُ غيرَه، وقِيمَتُه ثَلَاثَةُ آلَافٍ، فمَن أعْتَقَهُ من رَأْسِ المالِ جَعَلَهُ حُرًّا، ومن جَعَلَ ذلك وَصِيّةً له، أعْتَقَ ثُلُثَه بالشِّرَاءِ، ويَعْتِقُ باقِيه على أخِيه، إلَّا في قولِ (٤٣) الشافِعِيِّ ومَنْ وَافَقَه، فإن الحُرَّ يَمْلِكُ بَقِيَّةَ أخِيهِ (٤٤)، فيَمْلِكُ من رَقَبَتِه قَدْرَ ثُلُثَىِ الثَّمَنِ، وذلك تُسْعَا رَقَبَةٍ؛ لأنَّه يَجْعَلُ ثَمَنَه من الثُّلُثِ دُونَ قِيمَتِه. وقيل: يُفْسَخُ البَيْعُ في ثُلُثَيْه. وقيل: في جَمِيعِه. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: يَسْعَى لأَخِيه في قِيمَةِ ثُلُثَيْه.
(٤١) في أ، م: "ثلثه".(٤٢) في الأصل، م: "لتقديمها".(٤٣) في م: "قولى".(٤٤) في م: "أخذه".