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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 8 · Page 559

Translation · EN

If the judge wishes to return the supervision to the remaining one of them, he does not have that right. The companions of al-Shafi'i mentioned an opinion regarding its permissibility; because if the supervision were his due to the testator's death without a will, it would be permissible for him to return it to one person; likewise here, so he would be a supervisor by the testator's will and by authority from the judge. Our argument is that the testator was not satisfied with the disposition of this one alone, so it is necessary to add another to him; because the will takes precedence over the judge's supervision and discretion. If the condition of both of them changes by death or otherwise, the judge has the right to appoint successors for them. Does he have the right to appoint only one? There are two opinions: One of them is that he has that right; because when the two executors are absent, the matter reverts to the judge like [a case] where one did not bequeath. If he had not bequeathed, one would have sufficed, and so it is here. This differs from when one of them is alive; because the testator clarified that he is not satisfied with one alone, unlike the case where they both die together. The second is that it is not permissible to appoint except two; because the testator was not satisfied with one, so he would not be content with him, just as if one of them were alive. As for if he granted each of them the authority to act independently, and one of them dies or exits the executorship, the judge does not have the right to appoint a trustworthy person in his place; because the remaining one of them has the authority of supervision by the will, so there is no need for another. If they both die or exit the executorship, the judge has the right to appoint one to act. If the condition of one of the two executors changes in a way that does not remove him from the executorship, such as becoming incapacitated due to weakness, illness, or the like, and they were such that each of them had the authority to act independently, the judge does not have the right to add a trustworthy person to them; because the remaining one of them suffices, unless the remaining one of them is unable to act alone due to the abundance of work or similar, then he has the right to appoint a trustworthy person. If they are such that neither of them has the authority to act independently, then the judge must appoint a trustworthy person in the place of the one who has become weakened, who will act with him in any case, and they shall become three: the two executors and the trustee with them, and not one of them has the authority to act alone.

Notes

(1) In the original: "at him" [emended to: "alone"]. (2) In (A) and (M): "were". (3) A necessary completion for the context. In the margin of (M), there is an indication of this.

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