from Hajjaj ibn Hajjaj al-Aslami, from his father, who said: I said: O Messenger of Allah, what will remove from me the blame (madhamma) of nursing? He said: "The ghurra: a male slave or a female slave." Al-Tirmidhi said: This is a hasan (good) sahih (authentic) hadith. Ibn al-Jawzi said: Madhamma, with a kasra on the dhal, is from dhimam (covenant/protection), and with a fatha on it, it is from dhamm (blame). Ibn Aqil said: He specifically designated the human soul (raqaba) for compensation over others because her action in his nursing and custody is the cause of his life, his survival, and the preservation of his soul. Therefore, it is recommended to make the reward a gift of a soul, to befit the relationship between the blessing and the gratitude. For this reason, Allah the Almighty designated the nursing woman as a mother, as He said: "And your mothers who nursed you" (Quran 4:23). And the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "A child shall not repay his father unless he finds him enslaved and sets him free." If the nursing woman is a slave, it is recommended to emancipate her, because he acquires the most precious of souls through her, and by this, he attains the compensation which the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, established as a compensation for a father by lineage.
903 - Issue; He said: (And whoever hires a beast to a [specific] place and exceeds it, upon him is the stated wage and the fair wage for what he exceeded, and if it perishes, he is also liable for its value.)
The discussion on this issue is in two parts:
First: Regarding the obligatory wage, which is the specified wage and the fair wage for the excess. Ahmad explicitly stated this,
(2) Omitted from: B. (3) In B: "min" (from). (4) Omitted from: M. (5) Surah al-Nisa 23. (6) Recorded by Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Virtue of Freeing a Father, from the Book of Emancipation. Sahih Muslim 2/1148; and Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on Filial Piety, from the Book of Manners. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/628; and al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on the Rights of Parents, from the Chapters on Piety. Aridat al-Ahwadhi 8/99; and Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on Filial Piety, from the Book of Manners. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/1207; and Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 2/230, 263, 376, 445. (7) In M there is an addition: "laha" (for her). (1) In the original: "makan" (place).
عن حَجَّاجِ بن حَجَّاجٍ الأسْلَمِىّ، عن أبِيه، قال: قلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ما يُذْهِبُ عَنِّى مَذمَّةَ الرَّضَاعِ؟ قال: "الغُرَّةُ الْعَبْدُ أو الْأَمَةُ". قال التِّرْمِذِىُّ: هذا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ (٢) صَحِيحٌ. قال ابن الجَوْزِىِّ: المَذِمَّةُ، بِكَسْرِ الذَّالِ، من الذِّمَام، وبِفَتْحِها من الذَّمِّ. قال ابنُ عَقِيلٍ: إنَّما خَصَّ الرَّقَبَةَ بالمُجازَاةِ بها دونَ غيرِها؛ لأنَّ فِعْلَها في (٣) إرْضَاعِه وحَضَانَتِه، سَبَبُ حَيَاتِه وبَقَائِه وحِفْظِ رَقَبَتِه، فاسْتُحِبَّ جَعْلُ الجَزَاءِ هِبَتَها رَقَبَةً، لِيُناسِبَ ما (٤) بين النّعْمةِ والشُّكْرِ، ولهذا جَعَلَ اللهُ تعالى المُرْضِعةَ أُمًّا، فقال تعالى: {وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ} (٥). وقال النبيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "لَا يَجْزِى وَلَدٌ وَالِدَهُ، إلَّا أنْ يَجِدَهُ مَمْلُوكًا فَيَعْتِقَهُ" (٦). وإن كانت المُرْضِعَةُ مَمْلُوكةً، اسْتُحِبَّ إعْتَاقُها؛ لأنَّه يُحَصِّلُ أخَصَّ الرِّقَابِ بها (٧)، وتَحْصُلُ به المُجازَاةُ التي جَعَلَهَا النبيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- مُجازَاةً لِلْوالِدِ من النَّسَبِ.
٩٠٣ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَمَنِ اكْتَرَى دَابّةً إلَى مَوْضِعٍ (١)، فجَاوَزَه، فَعَليْهِ الأُجْرَةُ المَذْكُورَةُ، وأُجْرَةُ المِثْلِ لِمَا جَاوَزَهُ، وإنْ تَلِفَتْ فَعَلَيْهِ أيضًا قِيمَتُهَا)
الكلامُ في هذه المسألة في فَصْلَيْنِ:
أحَدُهما: في الأجْرِ الواجِبِ، وهو المُسَمَّى، وأجْر المِثْلِ للزّائِد. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ
(٢) سقط من: ب.(٣) في ب: "من".(٤) سقط من: م.(٥) سورة النساء ٢٣.(٦) أخرجه مسلم، في: باب فضل عتق الوالد، من كتاب العتق. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١١٤٨. وأبو داود، في: باب في بر الوالدين، من كتاب الأدب. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٦٢٨. والترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في حق الوالدين، من أبواب البر. عارضة الأحوذى ٨/ ٩٩. وابن ماجه، في: باب بر الوالدين، من كتاب الأدب، سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ١٢٠٧. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٢/ ٢٣٠، ٢٦٣، ٣٧٦، ٤٤٥.(٧) في م زيادة: "لها".(١) في الأصل: "مكان".
