their sisters. This is the view of Abu Thawr, because female children do not inherit more than two-thirds, as evidenced by the case where they are alone, and granting them inheritance here would lead to them receiving more than that. Our argument is the saying of Allah the Almighty: "Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females" (7). These individuals fall under the general scope of this phrasing, as evidenced by the fact that it would apply to them even if they were not daughters, and the absence of daughters does not negate this status for them. Furthermore, every male and female who divide the wealth when there is no primary sharer among them must divide what remains, just as children of the loin, and brothers with sisters. What they cited pertains to the entitlement of a fixed share (fard); however, in our issue, they only inherit through agnation (ta'sib), so it is analogous to the children of the loin and the brothers and sisters in that case. What they cited is invalidated by the case where a person leaves a son and six daughters, for they would take three-quarters of the estate. If there were eight, they would take four-fifths. And if there were ten, they would take five-sixths. The more their number increases, the greater their entitlement becomes.
Section: The son of a son's son makes his equals among his sisters, his paternal cousins, and the daughters of his father's paternal cousin agnatic heirs in any case. He also makes those who are higher than him among his paternal aunts, the daughters of his father's paternal cousin, and those above them agnatic heirs, on the condition that they are not already fixed sharers (9). He excludes those who are lower than him, such as his daughters, his brother's daughters, and his paternal cousin's daughters. If the deceased left five granddaughters (daughters of a son), some of whom are lower in degree than others, with no male among them, and an agnatic heir (asaba), the one of the highest degree receives one-half, the second receives one-sixth, the rest are excluded, and the remainder goes to the agnatic heir. If the one of the highest degree has her brother or her paternal cousin with her, the estate is divided between them in thirds, and the rest are excluded. If she (the second) has someone with her who makes her an agnatic heir, the highest receives one-half, and the remainder is divided between him and the second in thirds. If the third has someone with her, the highest receives one-half, the second receives one-sixth, and the remainder is divided between him and the third in thirds. If the fourth has someone with her, the highest receives one-half, the second receives one-sixth, and the remainder is divided between him and the third and fourth in fourths. If the fifth has someone with her, the remainder after the fixed shares of the first and second are taken
(7) Surah al-Nisa 11. (8) In MS M: "fayajib" (then it is obligatory). (9) Omitted from M. (10) In MS M, there is an addition: "and the second receives one-sixth."
أخَواتِه. وهو قولُ أبى ثَوْرٍ؛ لأنَّ النساءَ مِن الأَولادِ لا يَرِثْنَ أكثرَ مِن الثُّلُثَيْنِ؛ بدَليلِ ما لو انْفَرَدْنَ، وتَوريثُهنَّ ههُنا يُفْضِى إلى تَوريثِهن أكثرَ من ذلك. ولنَا، قولُ اللهِ تعالى: {يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} (٧). وهؤلاء يَدْخُلونَ في عُمومِ هذا اللفظِ؛ بدَلِيلِ تَناوُلِه لهم لو لم يَكُنَّ بناتٍ. وعدمُ البناتِ لا يُوجِبُ لهم هذا الاسْمَ. ولأنَّ كلَّ ذكرٍ وأُنثى يَقْتَسِمون المالَ إذا لم يكُنْ معهم ذو فَرْضٍ، يجِبُ (٨) أن يَقْتَسِما الفاضِلَ عنه، كأولادِ الصُّلبِ، والإِخْوةِ مع الأَخواتِ. وما ذَكروه فهو في الاسْتِحْقاقِ للفَرْضِ. فأمَّا في مَسْألتِنا فإنَّما يَسْتحِقُّونَ بالتَّعْصِيبِ، فكانَ مُعْتبَرًا بأولادِ الصُّلبِ، والإِخوةِ والأخواتِ ثَمَّ، ويَبْطُلُ ما ذَكرُوه بما إذا خلَّفَ ابنًا وسِتَّ بنَاتٍ، فإنَّهُنَّ يأخذْنَ ثَلاثةَ أرباعِ المالِ. وإِن كُنَّ ثمانيًا، أَخذْنَ أَربعةَ أخماسِه. وإن كُنَّ عَشرًا، أَخَذْنَ خَمسةَ أسْداسِه. وكُلَّما زِدْنَ في العَدَدِ، زَادَ اسْتِحْقاقُهنَّ.
فصل: وابنُ ابنِ الابنِ يُعَصِّبُ مَن في دَرَجتِه مِن أخَواتِه، وبناتِ عمِّه، وبناتِ ابنِ عمِّ أبيه، على كلِّ حالٍ. ويُعَصِّبُ مَن هو أعْلَى منه من عَمَّاتِه، وبناتِ عمِّ أبيه، ومَن فَوْقَهُنَّ بشَرْطِ أن لا (٩) يَكُنَّ ذواتِ فَرْضٍ، وَيُسْقِطُ مَن هو أنْزَلُ منه، كبَناتِه، وبناتِ أخيه، وبَناتِ ابنِ عمِّه. فلو خلَّفَ الميِّتُ خمسَ بناتِ ابنٍ، بعضُهنَّ أنْزَلُ مِن بعضٍ، لا ذَكَرَ معَهُنَّ، وعَصَبة، كان للعُليا النِّصفُ، وللثانية السُّدُسُ، وسقطَ سائرُهُنَّ، والباقى للعَصَبَةِ. فإن كانَ مع العُليَا أخوها، أو ابنُ عمِّها، فالمالُ بينَهما على ثَلاثةٍ، وسقطَ سائرُهُنَّ. فإن كانَ مع الثانيةِ عَصَّبَها، وكان للعُلْيا النِّصفُ (١٠)، والباقى بيْنَه وبينَ الثانيةِ على ثلاثةٍ. وإن كانَ مع الثَّالثةِ، فلِلْعُليَا النِّصفُ، ولِلثَّانيةِ السُّدُسُ، والباقى بينَه وبينَ الثالثةِ على ثَلاثةٍ. وإن كانَ مع الرابعةِ، فللعُلْيا النِّصفُ، وللثانيةِ السُّدسُ، والباقى بينه وبينَ الثالثةِ والرابعةِ على أربعةٍ. وإن كانَ مع الخامسةِ، فالباقى بعدَ فرضِ الأُولَى والثانيةِ،
(٧) سورة النساء ١١.(٨) في م: "فيجب".(٩) سقط من: م.(١٠) في م زيادة: "والثانية السدس".